Foreperiod and stuttering severity effects on acoustic laryngeal reaction time

Watson, Ben; Alfonso, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/0094-730x(83)90033-5

Cited by 45 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…To accomplish this, recordings were made of move ments of the abdominal and thoracic chest wall by means of mercury strain gauges, of laryngeal activity by means of electroglottography (EGG), and of integrated electromyo graphic (IEMG) activity of upper and lower lip by means of surface EMG. Peters et al (1989) did not use measures of respiration, but several studies (e.g., Hoit, Solomon, & Hixon, 1993;Watson & Alfonso, 1983Shipp et al, 78 Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 39 76-92 February 1996 1984) have shown that speech-related respiration is impor tantly related to the timing of other speech motor events.…”

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Speech Production in People Who Stutter: Testing the Motor Plan Assembly Hypothesis

Lieshout

Hulstijn²,

Peters

1996

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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The main purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that persons who stutter, when compared to persons who do not stutter, are less able to assemble abstract motor plans for short verbal responses. Subjects were adult males who stutter and age-and sex-matched control speakers, who were tested on naming pictures and words, using a choice-reaction time paradigm for both tasks. Words varied in the number of syllables (1, 2, and 3 syllables) and, for the bisyliabic words, also in the number of consonants (one or more) at the onset of the second syllable, Measurements consisted of speech reaction times, word durations, and measures of relative timing of specific motor events in the respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory sub systems.Results indicated that, in spite of longer speech reaction times for persons who stutter in ' i comparison to control speakers, there was no interaction with word size, a finding that does not lend support to the abovementioned hypothesis. Word durations were found to be longer for persons who stutter, and, in addition, there was an interaction of group with word size. Both i findings were associated with longer delays for persons who stutter in the onset of upper lip i integrated electromyographic (IEMG) activity and thoracic compression, and a group effect, on the order of upper tip and lower lip IEMG onset. Findings are taken to suggest the possibility that persons who stutter may use different motor control strategies to compensate for a reduced verbal motor skill, and although the nature of this reduced skill is unknown, it is speculated that it relates to the processes involved in the integration of sensory-motor information. i i

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Speech Production in People Who Stutter: Testing the Motor Plan Assembly Hypothesis

Lieshout

Hulstijn²,

Peters

1996

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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“…In fact, a simple reaction time task is often used to avoid influences that are related to speech planning (cf. Hulstijn, 1987;Klapp et al, 1979;Ludlow, 1991;Sternberg et a(., 1978;Watson & Alfonso, 1983. How then to explain the effect of word size on both simple and choice reaction times?…”

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confidence: 99%

From Planning to Articulation in Speech Production: What Differentiates a Person Who Stutters From a Person Who Does Not Stutter?

Lieshout

Hulstijn²,

Peters

1996

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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The main purpose of the present study was to differentiate between people who stutter and control speakers regarding their ability to assemble motor plans and to prepare (and execute) muscle commands. Adult males who stutter, matched for age, gender, and educational level with a group of control speakers, were tested on naming words and symbols. In addition, their ability to encode and retrieve memory representations of combinations of a symbol and a word, was tested in a recognition task, using manual reaction times and sensitivity scores, as defined in signa! detection theory, as performance measures. Group differences in muscle command preparation were assessed from electromyographic recordings of upper lip and lower lip. Results indicated no interaction between group and word size effects in choice reaction times or a group effect in the ability to recognize previously learned symbol-word combinations. However, they were significantly different in the timing of peak amplitudes in the integrated electromyographic signals o f upper lip and lower lip (IEMG peak latency). Findings question the claim that people who stutter have problems in creating abstract motor plans for speech. In addition, it is argued that the group differences in IEMG peak latency that were found in the present study might be better understood in terms of motor control strategies than in terms of motor control deficits.

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“…However, there is increasing evidence that slow voice reaction time is less evident in young stutterers (Cross & Luper, 1983;Cullinan & Springer, 1980;McKnight & Cullinan, 1987;Murphy & Baumgartner, 1981;Till et al, 1983;Zebrowski, Conture, & Cudahy, 1985), a factor that may be entangled with the relatively late development of voice onset timing skills (Kent, 1976). Among adults, there is suggestive evidence that stutterers have comparatively low lung volume for the mobilization of their vocal folds during prephonation intervals (Baken, McManus, & Cavallo, 1983), which may also explain why Watson and Alfonso found that forewarning stimuli mediate the reaction time effect in mild but not severe stutterers (B. C. Watson & Alfonso, 1983;. As they astutely observed, this finding could mean that "mild stutterers' major difficulty may be in posturing the speech mechanism, while the more severe stutterers may have both posturing and vibration initiation deficits" (B. C. Watson & Alfonso, 1983, p. 197).…”

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confidence: 99%

Stuttering

Ingham¹

1990

International Handbook of Behavior Modification and Therapy

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Over the past 5 years, there has been quite a dramatic decline in the number of data-based investigations or reports on or concerning stuttering therapy for adults or adolescents. After reviewing all English language journal publications that fit this category, this writer found that in 1973-1977 there were 57 reports, in 1978-1982 there were 50 reports, but in 1983-1987 (and including half of 1988) there were only 25 reports. A. S. Bellack et al. (eds.), International Handbook of Behavior Modification and Therapy

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Foreperiod and stuttering severity effects on acoustic laryngeal reaction time

Cited by 45 publications

References 28 publications

Speech Production in People Who Stutter: Testing the Motor Plan Assembly Hypothesis

Speech Production in People Who Stutter: Testing the Motor Plan Assembly Hypothesis

From Planning to Articulation in Speech Production: What Differentiates a Person Who Stutters From a Person Who Does Not Stutter?

Stuttering

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