Forensic traces in forensic and veterinary opinions in case of suspicion of poaching with firearms

Flis, Marian; Rataj, Bogusław

doi:10.5114/amsik.2018.84529

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Like domestic animal forensics, wildlife forensics is highly interdisciplinary, employing various scientific procedures to facilitate an investigation that may lead to identification, traceability, intelligence, prevention, prosecution and enforcement (Gouda et al., 2020; Johnson et al., 2012; Jota Baptista et al., 2022; Linacre, 2021; Linacre et al., 2011; Menotti‐Raymond et al., 2023; Mitra et al., 2018). Wildlife forensics can involve several criminalistics approaches, such as field investigation, interviews, surveillance, undercover work, pattern analysis (ballistics, tire tracks, Schreger lines on ivory), and geoscience and soil analysis (Flis & Rataj, 2018; Morgan et al., 2006; Sims, 2010; Zhang, 2022). It also comprises the analyses of biological evidence such as morphology (evaluating external and internal body parts, including the forms and structures of such parts as teeth, bones, furs, hairs, feathers, claws and scales), taxonomy (naming, describing and classifying organisms) and veterinary pathology to establish if the cause of death of an animal was a human violation of the law.…”

Section: Wildlife Forensic Science Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Wildlife forensic genetics—Biological evidence, DNA markers, analytical approaches, and challenges

Kanthaswamy

2023

Animal Genetics

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Wildlife‐related crimes are the second most prevalent lawbreaking offense globally. This illicit trade encompasses hunting, breeding and trafficking. Besides diminishing many species and their habitats and ecosystems, hindering the economic development of local communities that depend on them, undermining the rule of law and financing terrorism, various cross‐species transmissions (zoonoses) of pathogens, including COVID‐19, can be attributed to wildlife crimes. Wildlife forensics applies interdisciplinary scientific analyses to support law enforcement in investigating wildlife crimes. Its main objectives are to identify the taxonomic species in question, determine if a crime has been committed, link a suspect to the crime and support the conviction and prosecution of the perpetrator. This article reviews wildlife crime and its implications, wildlife forensic science investigation, common forms of wildlife biological evidence, including DNA, wildlife DNA techniques and challenges in wildlife forensic genetics. The article also reviews the contributions of genetic markers such as short tandem repeat (STR) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers, which provide the probative genetic data representing the bulk of DNA evidence for solving wildlife crime. This review provides an overview of wildlife DNA databases, which are critical for searching and matching forensic DNA profiles and sequences and establishing how frequent forensic DNA profiles and sequences are in a particular population or geographic region. As such, this review will contain an in‐depth analysis of the current status of wildlife forensic genetics, and it will be of general interest to wildlife and conservation biologists, law enforcement officers, and academics interested in combating crimes against wildlife using animal forensic DNA methods.

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Section: Wildlife Forensic Science Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Wildlife forensic genetics—Biological evidence, DNA markers, analytical approaches, and challenges

Kanthaswamy

2023

Animal Genetics

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“…Z reguły wykorzystanie najnowocześniejszych osiągnięć naukowych w powiązaniu z wiedzą i doświadczeniem osoby sporządzającej opinię stwarza ogromne możliwości w opiniowaniu, a tym samym stwierdzenia faktów, a zarazem i wnioskowania, z prawdopodobieństwem graniczącym z pewnością. Jednocześnie należy zwrócić uwagę na fakt, iż wykorzystanie bardzo skompli-kowanych metod badawczych i ich zbyt naukowy opis może prowadzić do trudności z interpretacją danych zawartych w opinii (6,9,10).…”

Section: Artykuł Przeglądowy Reviewunclassified

“…Stąd też osoba posiadająca specjalistyczną wiedzę w danej dziedzinie, niewątpliwie może przyczynić się do wyjaśnienia, niejednokrotnie złożonej problematyki konkretnego postępowania. Jednocześnie każda opinia powinna zawierać logiczne i zrozumiałe wnioski, zwłaszcza dla osób nieposiadających specjalistycznej wiedzy, wypływające wprost z dokonanych ustaleń, analiz czy eksperymentów (6,11,(23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Artykuł Przeglądowy Reviewunclassified

“…Dodatkowo, przedmiotem takich analiz, z reguły jest ustalenie przyczyny zejścia śmiertelnego ustalonego na podstawie oceny ran postrzałowych oraz pocisku lub jego fragmentów odnalezionych w tuszy martwego zwierzęcia albo zabezpieczonych w zgromadzonym materiale dowodowym. Dla ustalenia faktycznego przebiegu zdarzenia, w wyniku którego miał miejsce postrzał, niezbędna jest specjalistyczna wiedza z zakresu łowiectwa, jak również broni i amunicji oraz strzelectwa myśliwskiego i balistyki (6,13,21).…”

Section: Artykuł Przeglądowy Reviewunclassified

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Fatal shooting of a dog by a ricocheting ball missile during hunting: Veterinary and ballistic judicial opinions

FLIS¹,

PIÓRKOWSKI²,

RATAJ³

2020

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The paper presents the principles of assessing fatal shootings of dogs during collective hunting due to ricocheting bullets from firearms with threaded barrels for purposes of judicial review. Such assessments usually have two purposes. The first is to determine the cause of death, and the assessment is based on veterinary anatomopathological examination of the gunshot wound and the examination of the bullet or its fragments found in the carcass of the animal. If a direct examination is impossible, X-ray images are often used. The second aspect of the assessment is the analysis of evidence aimed at reconstructing the course of the event and determining whether the shot was due to a ricocheting projectile or to non-compliance with safety rules when using the firearm. Such analyses require knowledge of issues related to the construction and use of weapons and ammunition, as well as external ballistics of missiles. The assessment is based mainly on the analysis of tissue fragments and projectiles or their fragments recovered from the carcass of the animal. In addition, it is also important to reconstruct the course of the event on the basis of the documentation collected and sometimes an inspection of the area where the incident occurred.

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“…Під час формування, розвитку й удосконалення наукових основ судово-ветеринарної експертизи актуальне значення має інтеграція спеціальних знань із різних галузей науки і техніки з метою розширення можливостей судової експертизи взагалі та судово-ветеринарної, зокрема, шляхом застосування комплексного дослідження речових доказів. Вказане стане підґрунтям для активної творчості вчених, розробки новітніх методик судово-експертного дослідження та впровадження їх в теорію та практику судової експертології [10][11].…”

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Doctrinal principles of special veterinary knowledge integration in the complex forensic expert investigations: problems and ways to solve them

Yatsenko

2023

АПП

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The article highlights the specifics of integration processes the impact taking place in forensic examination on the development of theoretical, methodological and organizational and legal foundations for the use of special veterinary knowledge in complex forensic research, as well as outlines their possibilities for expert provision of justice. General integration processes in forensic expertise were analyzed and new types of complex forensic expertise were proposed and substantiated based on the integration of special veterinary knowledge into forensic research, which are the basis of complex forensic expertise, namely: veterinary- biological; veterinary-molecular-genetic; medical and veterinary; veterinary-transport-trasological; veterinary and ballistic; artistic-veterinary- psychological; environmental and veterinary; veterinary-fire-technical; veterinary and electrical engineering; veterinary and commodity scientist; veterinary and research of potent and poisonous substances; veterinary and soil science and research on the presence of harmful substances (pesticides) in the environment. It has been proven, that based on the results of complex forensic expert studies, as well as the assessment of testimony, the opinion of experts can be provided in a categorical form (positive or negative) or in a probable form, and in case of insufficient signs revealed as a result of the research or insufficient informativeness of the data, it can be an expert's opinion was drawn up in the form «not possible». The proposed provisions of complex forensic examinations, in which special veterinary knowledge is integrated, allow to create specific methods that, after their approval and recommendations for implementation, can be entered into the State Register of methods of conducting forensic examinations. The above will significantly increase the efficiency of forensic expert activity.

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Forensic traces in forensic and veterinary opinions in case of suspicion of poaching with firearms

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Review: Wildlife forensic genetics—Biological evidence, DNA markers, analytical approaches, and challenges

Review: Wildlife forensic genetics—Biological evidence, DNA markers, analytical approaches, and challenges

Fatal shooting of a dog by a ricocheting ball missile during hunting: Veterinary and ballistic judicial opinions

Doctrinal principles of special veterinary knowledge integration in the complex forensic expert investigations: problems and ways to solve them

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