Forensic psychiatric treatment evaluation: The clinical evaluation of treatment progress with repeated forensic routine outcome monitoring measures

Trajectories of Dynamic Risk Factors During Forensic Treatment: Growth Trajectory of Clinical Risk Factors in a Sample of Dutch Forensic Patients

“…Although the golden standard to measure risk level changes is pre–post measurement, forensic patients show complex behavior, and have relatively high drop-out, which makes a randomized control trial hardly feasible ( Woicik et al, 2017 ). Therefore, routinely assessing levels of risk factors at multiple time points is a strong alternative ( Ellwood, 1998 ; Van der Veeken et al, 2018 ).…”

“…The second aspect is the patients’ age when admitted to the FPCs, and the third refers to the duration of their stay or treatment in the FPCs. Because of the complexity of psychiatric disorders and the tenacity of clinical risk factors to change, a decrease in clinical risk factors is not as salient as expected ( Van der Veeken et al, 2018 ). Clinical studies show mixed results regarding the severity decrease of clinical risk factors.…”

“…Numerous studies have shown that the presence of risk factors and a lack of protective factors have moderate to strong associations with recidivism ( Beech et al, 2002 ; Bogaerts et al, 2018 ; Mulder et al, 2010 ). However, only a few studies show whether risk factors can actually be reduced and reinforced longitudinally during a stay in high security institutions, such as FPCs ( Van der Veeken et al, 2018 ). Most studies only use a cross-sectional research design and examine the predictive contribution of these risk factors in the prediction and occurrence of recidivism, but do not address the course of these risk and protective factors over time during treatment.…”

Offense-Related Issues in Forensic Psychiatric Treatment: A Thematic Analysis

“…Among the best known treatment programs are the Risk-Need-Responsivity model (RNR model) and the Good Lives Model (GLM). The RNR model is based on the three primary principles of risk, need, and responsivity and their associated assumptions (1,3,23). The first two principles (risk and need) are used to determine treatment intensity and targets and the whole set of principles is employed to guide the actual implementation of treatment (24).…”

“…Despite these common denominators, forensic patients are a heterogeneous group in terms of the details of their offense history, psychopathology and risk factors (3). That notwithstanding, in most jurisdictions, forensic psychiatric patients suffer primarily from disorders with psychotic symptomatology, but comorbidities are very common, especially personality disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders and substance-related disorders (4)(5)(6).…”