Forensic Imaging: A Powerful Tool in Modern Forensic Investigation

Zhang, Min

doi:10.1080/20961790.2021.2008705

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…According to M. Zhang, such non-destructive 3D scanning can reveal damage as compared to the traditional way that can destroy or accidentally damage a part: For example, in forensic ballistics, it is important to find out the bullet path in victims, forensic imaging is definitely a fantastic method to investigate the original trajectory instead of destructively dissect the paths. 63 Later, when the results of such a virtual autopsy are presented as evidence at a court hearing, all of the participants in the criminal process will be able to intuitively understand and easily perceive them. 64 As a result of such advantages as three-dimensional visualization and the high accuracy and speed of the results obtained, the quality of perception and visibility of the materials presented to the participants in the criminal process increases.…”

Section: D Technologies In Criminal Proceedingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of the Application of Digital Technology in Criminal Proceedings of the BRICS Countries

Rusman

D’Orio²,

Popova

et al. 2023

BRICS law journal

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The current pace of technological development creates new opportunities for improvements in various spheres of human activity, including the sphere of criminal proceedings. In the BRICS countries, the achievements of modern technological developments, in particular the use of digital technology in criminal proceedings, have their own unique characteristics. This article describes the current state of criminal proceedings in the BRICS member countries. The authors analyze practices in criminal proceedings with the aim of identifying best practices, advantages and disadvantages of using digital technology in the criminal justice sector, as well as outlining prospects for the development of this technology in the BRICS countries. The authors come to the conclusion that the use of digital technology in criminal proceedings should contribute to increased access to justice, procedural economy and effective investigation, and as a result, a fair verdict in criminal cases in all of the BRICS member states.

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Section: D Technologies In Criminal Proceedingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of the Application of Digital Technology in Criminal Proceedings of the BRICS Countries

Rusman

D’Orio²,

Popova

et al. 2023

BRICS law journal

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“…Like domestic animal forensics, wildlife forensics is highly interdisciplinary, employing various scientific procedures to facilitate an investigation that may lead to identification, traceability, intelligence, prevention, prosecution and enforcement (Gouda et al., 2020; Johnson et al., 2012; Jota Baptista et al., 2022; Linacre, 2021; Linacre et al., 2011; Menotti‐Raymond et al., 2023; Mitra et al., 2018). Wildlife forensics can involve several criminalistics approaches, such as field investigation, interviews, surveillance, undercover work, pattern analysis (ballistics, tire tracks, Schreger lines on ivory), and geoscience and soil analysis (Flis & Rataj, 2018; Morgan et al., 2006; Sims, 2010; Zhang, 2022). It also comprises the analyses of biological evidence such as morphology (evaluating external and internal body parts, including the forms and structures of such parts as teeth, bones, furs, hairs, feathers, claws and scales), taxonomy (naming, describing and classifying organisms) and veterinary pathology to establish if the cause of death of an animal was a human violation of the law.…”

Section: Wildlife Forensic Science Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Wildlife forensic genetics—Biological evidence, DNA markers, analytical approaches, and challenges

Kanthaswamy

2023

Animal Genetics

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Wildlife‐related crimes are the second most prevalent lawbreaking offense globally. This illicit trade encompasses hunting, breeding and trafficking. Besides diminishing many species and their habitats and ecosystems, hindering the economic development of local communities that depend on them, undermining the rule of law and financing terrorism, various cross‐species transmissions (zoonoses) of pathogens, including COVID‐19, can be attributed to wildlife crimes. Wildlife forensics applies interdisciplinary scientific analyses to support law enforcement in investigating wildlife crimes. Its main objectives are to identify the taxonomic species in question, determine if a crime has been committed, link a suspect to the crime and support the conviction and prosecution of the perpetrator. This article reviews wildlife crime and its implications, wildlife forensic science investigation, common forms of wildlife biological evidence, including DNA, wildlife DNA techniques and challenges in wildlife forensic genetics. The article also reviews the contributions of genetic markers such as short tandem repeat (STR) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers, which provide the probative genetic data representing the bulk of DNA evidence for solving wildlife crime. This review provides an overview of wildlife DNA databases, which are critical for searching and matching forensic DNA profiles and sequences and establishing how frequent forensic DNA profiles and sequences are in a particular population or geographic region. As such, this review will contain an in‐depth analysis of the current status of wildlife forensic genetics, and it will be of general interest to wildlife and conservation biologists, law enforcement officers, and academics interested in combating crimes against wildlife using animal forensic DNA methods.

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“…Forensic imaging is increasingly utilized in modern forensic investigation [ 1 ]. For example, in firearm deaths, three-dimensional (3D) imaging may play a crucial role in the documentation and analysis of gunshot wounds [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in firearm deaths, three-dimensional (3D) imaging may play a crucial role in the documentation and analysis of gunshot wounds [ 2 , 3 ]. Computed tomography (CT) in particular has established its role as a routine auxiliary method in many forensic institutes [ 1 ]. The main questions in forensic ballistic imaging include gunshot residue, shooting distance, bullet trajectory, and retained bullet fragments [ 1 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observing the fragmentation of two expanding bullet types and a full metal-jacketed bullet with computed tomography—a forensic ballistics case study

et al. 2023

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Computed tomography (CT) may have a crucial role in the forensic documentation and analysis of firearm injuries. The aim of this forensic ballistics case study was to explore whether two types of expanding bullets and a full metal-jacketed bullet could be differentiated by inspecting bullet fragments and fragmentation pattern in CT. Three types of .30 caliber bullets (full metal-jacketed Norma Jaktmatch, expanding full-copper Norma Ecostrike, and expanding soft-point Norma Oryx) were test fired from a distance of 5 m to blocks of 10% ballistic gelatine. CT scans of the blocks were obtained with clinical equipment and metal artifact reduction. Radiopaque fragments were identified and fragmentation parameters were obtained from the scans (total number of fragments, maximum diameter of the largest fragment, distance between entrance and the closest fragment, length of the fragment cloud, and maximum diameters of the fragment cloud). The fragmentation patterns were additionally visualized by means of 3D reconstruction. In CT, the bullet types differed in several fragmentation parameters. While the expanding full-copper bullet Ecostrike left behind only a single fragment near the end of the bullet channel, the soft-point Oryx had hundreds of fragments deposited throughout the channel. For both expanding bullets Ecostrike and Oryx, the fragments were clearly smaller than those left behind by the full metal-jacketed Jaktmatch. This was surprising as the full metal-jacketed bullet was expected to remain intact. The fragment cloud of Jaktmatch had similar mediolateral and superoinferior diameters to that of Oryx; however, fragments were deposited in the second half of the gelatine block, and not throughout the block. This case study provides a basis and potential methodology for further experiments. The findings are expected to benefit forensic practitioners with limited background information on gunshot injury cases, for example, those that involve several potential firearms or atypical gunshot wounds. The findings may prove beneficial for both human and wildlife forensics.

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Forensic Imaging: A Powerful Tool in Modern Forensic Investigation

Cited by 26 publications

References 84 publications

Features of the Application of Digital Technology in Criminal Proceedings of the BRICS Countries

Features of the Application of Digital Technology in Criminal Proceedings of the BRICS Countries

Review: Wildlife forensic genetics—Biological evidence, DNA markers, analytical approaches, and challenges

Observing the fragmentation of two expanding bullet types and a full metal-jacketed bullet with computed tomography—a forensic ballistics case study

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