Forensic Exploration of the Mechanical Properties of Basalt Grains in Earthenware

Abstract

The overall goal of this paper is to contribute to reconstruct the innovation mechanisms and development of ceramic production using forensic engineering techniques. Instead of optimizing materials as a driver in modern engineering, here we wish to use these methodologies, but aim to solve questions on advancement in the past fabrication process-and thus ultimately understand the key issues of a less or (un)successful design and subsequent improvement. This article wishes to address the advantages and constraints regarding to use of basalt in ceramic matrices. By utilizing a standardized set of different test bars comprising different amounts of basalt fired at both 800°C and 1000°C, it can be concluded basalt tempered ceramics have a higher fracture toughness when compared to quartz enriched materials. It is therefore plausible to identify basalt as a good temper material for (ancient) earthenwares in terms of thermal (shock) activities.

High‐temperature performance of two‐layered ceramics and the implications for Roman crucibles

“…Studies of ancient ceramic objects suggest that the artisans who made them frequently developed an empirical understanding of their materials, and were able to make decisions concerning raw materials, paste preparation and fabrication techniques which improved the performance of their products (e.g., Braun 1983; Freestone and Tite 1986; Braekmans et al . 2017). Arguably the most challenging conditions encountered in the ancient world were those associated with metallurgy, where the ceramics had to withstand exceptionally high temperatures, contact with molten metals and rapid temperature changes, frequently under high loads.…”