Forensic DNA profiling: state of the art

Linacre, Adrian; Templeton, Jennifer E.L.

doi:10.2147/rrfms.s60955

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Genetic testing such as next-generation DNA sequencing, adapted from medical and pharmaceutical sciences, will soon be applied to mainstream forensic science, opening new avenues in criminal investigations. 53 The forensic community, faces the question of direction towards which the DNA fingerprint technology will be developed. With the help of commercial instruments being developed and introduced in the market, time, another essential factor in police investigations will be considerably reduced in future applications of DNA profiling.…”

Section: Recent Advancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA profiling in forensic investigation – A review

Jaiswal¹,

Nayyer

2023

IJFMTS

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DNA Profiling is a revolutionary method for individual and relationship analysis, crime investigation, hereditary disorders, etc. It is a universal method used to establish accurate results during the process of forensic investigation. DNA profiling techniques, which are based on repetitive sequences within DNA, have proven to be of paramount importance, albeit the complete utilization of knowledge still remaining unexplored. Even a hair strand, blood drop or even skin flakes can be used to identify DNA sequences. It has a wide range of applications both in forensics and law. Because of the advancement in the field of forensics in the past four decades, DNA evidence now stands as one of the most reliable forms of proof in a court of law. In the following article, the authors explore the main concepts of DNA Profiling, and the techniques which are widely used in forensic laboratories such as RFLP, VNTR, STR, AFLP, mtDNA analysis, Y-chromosome analysis and gender typing.

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Section: Recent Advancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA profiling in forensic investigation – A review

Jaiswal¹,

Nayyer

2023

IJFMTS

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“…On the other hand, the STR typing method is based on the standard operating procedures (SOPs) supplied by the manufacturers of the commercial kit for use in forensic laboratories. The following steps are taken for STR typing in the conventional order for DNA typing: DNA extraction is performed to decide the amount of DNA present, amplify STR loci, separate PCR amplicons on a genetic analyser, examine the resultant data using bioinformatics, and compare the data from one sample to directories with previously generated short tandem repeats sets [33]. The size and colour of these amplicons may be used to differentiate STR loci, which are repetitive DNA sequences with variable repetition counts produced using primers with distinct fluorophores.…”

Section: Str Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Fingerprinting: Use of Autosomal Short Tandem Repeats in Forensic DNA Typing

Keerti¹,

Ninave²

2022

Cureus

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Short tandem repeat (STR) markers for autosomal STR are used in forensic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) typing to track down the missing, verify family connections, and potentially connect suspects to crime sites. It is well acknowledged that forensically relevant genetic markers cannot predict phenotype. There is no evidence to support the claim that directly using forensic STR variations causes or indicates illness. Such an example would have significant ethical and permissible repercussions. It is essential to check the necessity to alert a blood donor or if a medical problem is identified during routine sample analysis. In this study, we assess the likelihood that forensic STRs might offer details beyond those required for primary identification. However, as the role of non-coding STRs in gene regulation is understood, the probability of discovering meaningful links is rising. For this review, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Search were all used to conduct a thorough electronic literature search. If they linked to the topic, thoughts, retrospective studies, observational studies, and first publications were considered. The case studies presented here highlight the critical role forensic DNA typing plays in reducing criminal risk and delivering conclusive evidence in cases. The primary method for forensic DNA typing is short tandem repeat (STR) typing. This discussion on the importance of STR markers to the criminal justice system is part of the present study. As unflinching proof of false beliefs and invaluable connections to the genuine culprits, DNA typing offers proof that may be utilised to prosecute and punish criminals. It may even deter certain offenders from committing more terrible offences. Additionally, forensic experts have used DNA typing techniques to re-examine ancient cases previously closed due to a lack of evidence.

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“…However, the methodology for STR typing relies on the standard operating procedures provided by the manufacturers of the commercial kit for use in forensic laboratory. STR typing involves the general steps for DNA profiling in the following order: isolation of DNA by a process called DNA extraction, quantification of the DNA in the sample, amplification of STR loci, separation of the PCR amplicons on a genetic analyser using bioinformatics to analyse the resulting data and comparing the data from one specimen to databases housing previously generated STR sets ( 32 , 33 ). Repetitive DNA sequences with varying numbers of repeats, referred to as STR loci, are amplified using primers with differently coloured fluorophores and these amplicons are distinguished by both size and color ( 33 ).…”

Section: Str Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic DNA Profiling: Autosomal Short Tandem Repeat as a Prominent Marker in Crime Investigation

Udogadi

Khadija

Bukola³

et al. 2020

MJMS

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Short tandem repeat (STR) typing continues to be the primary workhorse in forensic DNA profiling. Therefore, the present review discusses the prominent role of STR marker in criminal justice system. All over the world, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling provides evidence that may be used to convict criminals, as an irrefutable proof of wrongful convictions, invaluable links to the actual perpetrators of crimes, and could also deter some offenders from committing more serious offences. Clearly, DNA profiling tools have also aided forensic scientists to re-evaluate old cases that were considered closed as a result of inadequate evidence. In carrying out this review, a comprehensive electronic literature search using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Google Search were used, and all works meeting the subject matter were considered, including reviews, retrospective studies, observational studies and original articles. Case reports presented here, further demonstrates the crucial role of forensic DNA profiling in mitigating and providing compelling evidence for the resolution of crimes. For case report 1, there was a 100% match between the DNA recovered from the items found in the crime scene, and the suspect’s DNA sample collected via buccal swab following 15 STR loci examination. Case report 2 further highlights the indispensable contribution of DNA database in solving crime. Therefore, it has become very necessary for developing countries like Nigeria to develop a national DNA database and make policies and legislatures that will further expand and enable the practice of forensic genetics, particularly DNA profiling.

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Forensic DNA profiling: state of the art

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

DNA profiling in forensic investigation – A review

DNA profiling in forensic investigation – A review

DNA Fingerprinting: Use of Autosomal Short Tandem Repeats in Forensic DNA Typing

Forensic DNA Profiling: Autosomal Short Tandem Repeat as a Prominent Marker in Crime Investigation

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