Foreign university graduates in the Greek labour market: Employment, salaries and overeducation

Abstract

Greece is ranked among the first countries of the world in terms of student migration, while compared with other EU countries Greece has the highest number of students studying in other member states. Although the issue of migrating Greek students is constantly analysed in the newspapers, and often in relation to the educational policy adopted in Greece, 1 most of the academic literature (Kanellopoulos and Psacharopoulos, 1997) is focused either on the cost side of this phenomenon in terms of expenditure and its implications for the balance of payments or on the loss of brains (Brain Drain) when the best students remain abroad. So far, to the best of our knowledge, no research effort has been devoted to examining how well these students perform in the Greek labour market when they return home after completion of their studies. More specifically, in this paper we examine the performance of foreign university graduates with respect to three aspects: (a) the length of time between the completion of their studies and employment; (b) the extent to which these graduates are employed in professions for which they studied; and (c) the extent to which they are overqualified in the performance of the job which they hold. Our findings suggest that (i) EU graduates are better placed in the Greek labour market, from an employability point of view, compared with graduates from all other countries and also get higher salaries compared with those who have been educated elsewhere, and particularly those educated in the Balkan countries; (ii) factors leading to higher returns after graduation are previous work experience, whether the graduate had worked systematically in the past and also if their qualification is at MSc|MA level or higher. Moreover, graduates perceiving that their qualifications are higher than their job requirements are getting higher returns; (iii) graduates with parents having a university qualification do not consider themselves as overqualified. This probably indicates that the perception of being overeducated or not is based to some degree on past family achievements and consequently one's decision to undertake studies, and the level of these studies, is taken on family, social and cultural grounds; (iv) overeducation does not place graduates in a better position from the point of view of employability, however, overeducated graduates do have higher salaries. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The early career paths of UK-educated intra-European mobile graduates

“…Various previous studies (e.g. Lianos andAsteriou, 2004, Støren andWiers-Jenssen, 2010) showed prolonged periods of unemployment for returners. However, findings based on the Futuretrack data show that compared to UK stayers, there were no major differences in the proportion of returners and UK movers reporting unemployment.…”

“…Returners had to develop more extensive job search strategies; however, holding a degree from a foreign HEI did not seem to have lasting, stigmatising effects (Wiers-Jenssen, 2013). A large proportion of Greek returners did not find entry to a subject-related occupation (Lianos and Asteriou, 2004). …”

“…A recent study (Tzanakou and Behle, 2016) reported substantial barriers for mobile UK-educated graduates to transfer their skills and knowledge for a different labour market or HEI. Ten years ago, when analysing the circumstances of Greek returners, Lianos and Asteriou (2004) criticised the lack of reliable and efficient methods of professional orientation and labour market information systems; however, it is currently unclear if this has since improved.…”

“…This figure represents a slight increase in the proportion of UK-educated graduates from 7 per cent ten years ago. Even though mobility both during higher education and after graduation is highly desirable and many expect positive individual, social and economic outcomes of a more mobile qualified workforce, many previous studies (BEHLE, 2014, Wiers-Jenssen, 2011, Lianos and Asteriou, 2004 criticised the lack of knowledge as regards mobile graduates'…”

“…Most previous studies looked either into the employment of highly-educated migrants (Recchi and Favell, 2009); of foreign-educated returners (Wiers-Jenssen and Try, 2005, Wiers-Jenssen, 2008, Liagouras et al, 2003, Lianos and Asteriou, 2004; or of those mobile after graduating in their home countries (Teichler 2011). A coherent picture to capture the phenomenon of mobility after graduation, however, should include both, foreigneducated returners and home-educated mobile graduates and add foreign-educated mobile graduates who moved to a third country.…”