Foreign language reduces the longevity of the repetition-based truth effect

Nadarevic, Lena; Plier, Sarah; Thielmann, Isabel; Darancó, Stefaniá

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.08.019

Cited by 15 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“… 5 We did not exclude non-native participants for the following reasons. A truth effect study by Nadarevic et al ( 2018 ) found that truth judgments do not differ between native and foreign-language statements if the lag between statement repetitions is relatively short as in the present study. Moreover, excluding non-native participants did not change the general pattern and significance of results.…”

supporting

confidence: 56%

Perceived truth of statements and simulated social media postings: an experimental investigation of source credibility, repeated exposure, and presentation format

et al. 2020

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To better understand the spread of fake news in the Internet age, it is important to uncover the variables that influence the perceived truth of information. Although previous research identified several reliable predictors of truth judgments—such as source credibility, repeated information exposure, and presentation format—little is known about their simultaneous effects. In a series of four experiments, we investigated how the abovementioned factors jointly affect the perceived truth of statements (Experiments 1 and 2) and simulated social media postings (Experiments 3 and 4). Experiment 1 explored the role of source credibility (high vs. low vs. no source information) and presentation format (with vs. without a picture). In Experiments 2 and 3, we additionally manipulated repeated exposure (yes vs. no). Finally, Experiment 4 examined the role of source credibility (high vs. low) and type of repetition (congruent vs. incongruent vs. no repetition) in further detail. In sum, we found no effect of presentation format on truth judgments, but strong, additive effects of source credibility and repetition. Truth judgments were higher for information presented by credible sources than non-credible sources and information without sources. Moreover, congruent (i.e., verbatim) repetition increased perceived truth whereas semantically incongruent repetition decreased perceived truth, irrespectively of the source. Our findings show that people do not rely on a single judgment cue when evaluating a statement’s truth but take source credibility and their meta-cognitive feelings into account.

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confidence: 56%

Perceived truth of statements and simulated social media postings: an experimental investigation of source credibility, repeated exposure, and presentation format

et al. 2020

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“…However, they observed a truth effect when the statements did not have to be judged according to their truthfulness in the first phase of the experiment, or when a retention interval of one week was used instead of ten minutes (Nadarevic & Erdfelder, 2014 ). These findings suggest that memory-based processes have a stronger impact on truth judgments given after a short retention interval, whereas the perceived processing fluency is probably even more the central component in the mechanism underlying the truth effect after a longer interval (for further research results corresponding to this assumption, see also Garcia-Marques et al, 2015 ; Nadarevic, Plier, Thielmann, & Darancó, 2018 ). Therefore, the length of the retention interval may have a significant influence on the determinants we investigate in the context of the truth effect (fluency, fluency-triggered positive affect, and dispositional differences).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Is it all about the feeling? Affective and (meta-)cognitive mechanisms underlying the truth effect

Stump

Rummel

Voß

2021

Psychological Research

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People are more likely to judge repeatedly perceived statements as true. A decisive explanation for this so-called truth effect is that the repeated information can be processed more fluently than new information and that this fluency experience renders the information more familiar and trustworthy. Little is known, however, regarding whether and how affective states and dispositional cognitive preferences influence the truth effect. To this end, we conducted two experiments in which we manipulated (a) processing fluency via repetition, (b) the time interval (10 min vs. 1 week) between repetitions, and (c) short-term affective states using the presentation of emotional faces (Experiment 1) or the presence of an irrelevant source for changes in affective states (Experiment 2). Additionally, we assessed the dispositional variables need for cognitive closure (NCC), preference for deliberation (PD) and preference for intuition (PI). Results of Experiment 1 showed that the truth effect was significantly reduced for statements that were followed by a negative prime, although this was the case only for the longer repetition lag. Furthermore, higher NCC and lower PD scores were associated with an increased truth effect. Results of Experiment 2 replicated the moderating role of NCC and further showed that participants, who were provided with an alternative source for changes in their affective states, showed a reduced truth effect. Together, the findings suggest that (a) fluency-related changes in affective states may be (co-)responsible for the truth effect, (b) the truth effect is decreased when the repetition interval is long rather than short, and (c) the truth effect is increased for individuals with a higher need for cognitive closure. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

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“…Papers published since the 2010 meta-analysis that directly manipulated the interval duration report mixed results. In Nadarevic, Plier, Thielmann, and Darancó ( 2018, Experiment 2 ) retention interval (immediately versus 2 weeks) moderated the truth effect when statements were in a foreign language, but did not when the stimuli were in participants’ native language. Nadarevic and Erdfelder ( 2014, Experiment 1 ) compared retention intervals of ten minutes and one week within-subjects.…”

Section: The Illusory Truth Effect Over Timementioning

confidence: 93%

The Trajectory of Truth: A Longitudinal Study of the Illusory Truth Effect

Henderson

Simons

Barr

2021

Journal of Cognition

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Repeated statements are rated as subjectively truer than comparable new statements, even though repetition alone provides no new, probative information (the illusory truth effect). Contrary to some theoretical predictions, the illusory truth effect seems to be similar in magnitude for repetitions occurring after minutes or weeks. This Registered Report describes a longitudinal investigation of the illusory truth effect (n = 608, n = 567 analysed) in which we systematically manipulated intersession interval (immediately, one day, one week, and one month) in order to test whether the illusory truth effect is immune to time. Both our hypotheses were supported: We observed an illusory truth effect at all four intervals (overall effect: χ²(1) = 169.91; M repeated = 4.52, M new = 4.14; H1), with the effect diminishing as delay increased (H2). False information repeated over short timescales might have a greater effect on truth judgements than repetitions over longer timescales. Researchers should consider the implications of the choice of intersession interval when designing future illusory truth effect research.

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Foreign language reduces the longevity of the repetition-based truth effect

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Perceived truth of statements and simulated social media postings: an experimental investigation of source credibility, repeated exposure, and presentation format

Perceived truth of statements and simulated social media postings: an experimental investigation of source credibility, repeated exposure, and presentation format

Is it all about the feeling? Affective and (meta-)cognitive mechanisms underlying the truth effect

The Trajectory of Truth: A Longitudinal Study of the Illusory Truth Effect

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