“…Other studies have found no positive spillover effects on innovation and productivity (Damijan and Knell, 2005;Vahter and Masso, 2007;Haddad and Harrison, 1993;Zukowska-Gangelmann, 2000). Lastly, studies have found a negative impact of FDI spillovers on innovation and productivity in local firms (Djankov and Hoekman, 1998;Girma, Gong, and Görg, 2006;Aitken and Harrison, 1999;Sasidharan, 2006;Fu, 2008Fu, , 2004Zhou, 2006). public funding, benefited from patent protection, exported its products, had an R&D department, or faced competition within the industry.…”