Foreed flushing of branch segments as a method for obtaining reactive explants of mature Quercus robur trees for micropropagation

Viéitez, A. M.; Sanchez, M. C.; Amo-Marco, J. B.; Ballester, A.

doi:10.1007/bf00042342

Cited by 45 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For example, Reed [ 49 ] required multiple experiments to find conditions to root all but 11 of the tested 49 species and cultivars of Pyrus and an accession of Pyronia veitchii . Similarly, rooting success of pedunculate oak depended on specific clones, which showed rooting capacity between 15 and 46% [ 50 ]. Sanchez et al [ 51 ] found that rooting success depended on genotype and method: several genotypes required a pulse of high concentrations of IBA for a day, others responded more to a short dip treatment, and a single genotype failed to root unless it was on a medium with AC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Micropropagation Protocol for the Ex Situ Conservation of Nuttall’s Scrub Oak (Quercus dumosa)

Ree,

Powell,

Folgado

et al. 2024

Plants

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Worldwide, oak species are threatened with extinction due to habitat loss, pathogens, and changing fire regimes. Ex situ conservation through tissue culture may protect the remaining genetic diversity of Quercus dumosa, or the coastal sage scrub oak, from further loss. We designed three basal salt formulations based on the mineral composition of shoot tips and first leaves from mature Q. dumosa and explored carbohydrate source, stress-mitigating compounds, and plant growth regulator concentrations to develop a method of cultivating many Q. dumosa culture lines in vitro. All three novel basal salt formulations led to decreased necrosis compared with commercial basal salt formulas WPM, MS, and DKW. Substitution of 30 g L−1 sucrose with glucose and adding 250 mg L−1 ascorbic acid, 5.2 mg L−1 SNP sodium nitroprusside, and 103 mg L−1 y-aminobutyric acid improved culture health overall. In an experiment involving 115 culture lines, 0.66 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine produced the highest average shoots per explant, but 0.33 mg L−1 produced the greatest proportion of shoots 2 cm or greater. Incubation for 24 h in 20 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid led to the most rooting. These methods show promise for the ex situ conservation of many genotypes of endangered Q. dumosa.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Micropropagation Protocol for the Ex Situ Conservation of Nuttall’s Scrub Oak (Quercus dumosa)

Ree,

Powell,

Folgado

et al. 2024

Plants

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“…Micropropagation, in contrast, yields the most promising results from young plants (Mc-Cown 2000, Chalupa 2002, Nas and Read 2004b. As a result, techniques such as heavy pruning, grafting mature shoots onto young seedling rootstocks, spraying plant with growth regulators to stock plants, and using a forcing solution can regenerate mature trees to increase the response of explants for micropropagation (Meier and Reuther 1994, Vieitez et al 1994, Chalupa 2000, Preece and Read 2003. Lall et al (2006) used shoot tips taken from mature S. aucuparia L. trees as explants and reported that the number of shoots only increased after the fifth subculture at the first stage of their micro propagation study due to the plant maturity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of optimal plant growth regulators for breaking seed dormancy and micropropagation of Sorbus aucuparia L.

Dinçer

2023

BALT FOR

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Sorbus aucuparia L. is an important forest tree used in the reforestation of high-altitude mountainous areas, which carries significant pharmaceutical, industrial, ornamental, food, and ecological properties. However, the seed propagation and micropropagation of mature trees of S. aucuparia L., presents various difficulties which are integral aspects for the re-propagation and breeding of novel cultivars. In this study, we isolated the mature embryo-containing seeds of selected varieties of S. aucuparia L. from their seed coat and used them directly as explants in vitro to investigate and determine the optimal dose of cytokinin in breaking seed dormancy and micropropagation. 3 mg/L of benzyl adenine (BA) in addition to different concentrations and combinations of kinetin (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/L), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0, 1, 0.5, and 1 mg/L), and 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (0, 1, 0.5, and 1 mg/L) were applied within a Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium at germination inhibition, shoot elongation, and shoot proliferation. In the MS mediums containing BA and kinetin, germination was achieved at the end of 1 week, and shoot proliferation was achieved at the end of 3 weeks. The most successful germination (96%), tallest shoot length (mean 5.1 cm), most shoot proliferation (mean 7.2 pieces), and number of nodes (mean 9.7 pieces) were identified in the MS containing 3 mg/L BA and 1 mg/L kinetin. Direct root formation with shoot elongation occurred in 25% of explants which germinated in the MS medium. For shoots propagated without roots in this medium, 62% of these achieved rooting at the highest dose of 1 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) using a two-stage rooting method. Rooted shoots were successfully transferred to an ex vitro medium. These results provide a basis for breaking seed dormancy of selected Sorbus L. genotypes quicker, leading to more effective clonal production. Keywords: Sorbus aucuparia L., rowanberry, tissue culture, seed dormancy, micropropagation, in vitro

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“…The possibility of obtaining epicormic shoots for Q. robur is crucial in the initiation of in vitro cultures. Old plants have a lower ability to initiate in vitro culture, and for many species, the method is not very effective [ 20 , 37 , 38 ]. Recently, miRNAs involved in epigenetics were suggested as key regulators of vegetative phase change and exogenously induced plant rejuvenation and regrowth [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Micropropagation is one of the in vitro methods of the vegetative multiplication of plant material [ 18 ]. Successful micropropagation of Q. robur shoot sections with the apical meristem of shoots [ 19 , 20 ] or plumules [ 21 ] is possible when placed on a certain medium and cultured under specific temperature and lighting conditions [ 22 ]. However, the selection of the best explant source determines the success of micropropagation [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in our study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that the ability of oak trees to undergo in vitro micropropagation decreases with age. The possibility of in vitro cultivation of plant material from individuals aged 70–300 years has been previously reported [ 20 ]. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies demonstrating the possibility of cloning oaks older than 500 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Successful In Vitro Shoot Multiplication of Quercus robur L. Trees Aged up to 800 Years

Chmielarz

Kotlarski

Kalemba

et al. 2023

Plants

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The conservation of the genetic resources of old trees is crucial to their ecological role but is extremely difficult, especially for oak species (Quercus spp.) displaying recalcitrance in seed and vegetative propagation methods. Our study aimed to assess the regenerative potential of Quercus robur trees of different ages (up to 800 years) during micropropagation. We also aimed to determine how in vitro conditions can influence in vitro regeneration responses. Lignified branches collected from 67 selected trees were cultivated ex vitro in culture pots at 25 °C to obtain epicormic shoots (explant sources). The explants were cultivated on an agar medium supplemented with 0.8 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) for at least 21 months. In a second experiment, two different shoot multiplication conditions (temporary immersion—RITA® bioreactor and agar medium) and two culture medium formulations (Woody Plant Medium and modified Quoirin and Lepoivre medium) were tested. The results showed that the mean length of the epicormic shoots obtained in a pot culture was a function of donor age and was similar among the group of younger trees (ca. 20–200 years), and varied between older trees (ca. 300–800 years). The efficiency of in vitro shoot multiplication strictly depended on the genotype. A sustainable in vitro culture (defined as survival after 6 months) was only possible for half of the tested old donor trees, even when they survived the first month of in vitro growth. A continuous monthly increase in the number of in vitro cultured shoots was reported in younger oaks and in some old oaks. We found a significant effect of the culture system and the macro- and micronutrient composition on in vitro shoot growth. This is the first report demonstrating that the in vitro culture can be successfully applied to the propagation of even 800-year-old pedunculate oak trees.

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Foreed flushing of branch segments as a method for obtaining reactive explants of mature Quercus robur trees for micropropagation

Cited by 45 publications

References 16 publications

Development of a Micropropagation Protocol for the Ex Situ Conservation of Nuttall’s Scrub Oak (Quercus dumosa)

Development of a Micropropagation Protocol for the Ex Situ Conservation of Nuttall’s Scrub Oak (Quercus dumosa)

Determination of optimal plant growth regulators for breaking seed dormancy and micropropagation of Sorbus aucuparia L.

Successful In Vitro Shoot Multiplication of Quercus robur L. Trees Aged up to 800 Years

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