Forecasting urban PM10 and PM2.5 pollution episodes in very stable nocturnal conditions and complex terrain using WRF–Chem CO tracer model

Saide, Pablo E.; Carmichael, Gregory R.; Scott, N. A.; Gallardo, Laura; Osses, Axel; Mena‐Carrasco, M.; Pagowski, Mariusz

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.001

Cited by 214 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In all such initiatives, one important objective is to provide a tool that can be used by governmental agencies to predict events of high pollutant concentrations, which will make it possible to issue alerts and prepare emergency rooms to receive cases related to the poor air quality. Other cities in South America, such as Santiago, Chile, have action plans for such eventualities (Saide et al, 2011). In Brazil, there are national air quality standards for regulated pollutants.…”

Section: Wwwfrontiersinorgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality forecasting system for Southeastern Brazil

Andrade

Ynoue

Freitas

et al. 2015

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Southeastern Brazil, the most populous and developed region of the country, faces various environmental problems associated with the growth of its population in urban areas. It is the most industrialized area in the country, comprising the metropolitan areas of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, and other major cities. Air quality is a major concern, because the reported concentrations of certain regulated pollutants, typically ozone and fine particulate, have exceeded national standards. Due to the difficulty in taking measurements over many different areas, air quality modeling is a useful tool to estimate air pollutant concentrations. For southeastern Brazil, air quality modeling has been performed mostly with the Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System with Simplified Photochemical Module and the Weather Research and Forecast with Chemistry models. One of the main objectives was to study the evolution of air quality associated with improved vehicle emission factors in urban areas, the impact of climate change on air quality, and the relationship between pollutant concentrations and health. Knowledge of mobile source emission factors has been continuously expanded by in-tunnel measurements and dynamometer protocols, which provide accurate data as inputs to photochemical air quality models. The spatial distribution of the mobile source emissions was constructed based on open access data related to the streets and traffic distribution. The mobile emission module was combined to the chemistry modeling and this implementation can be an example to be applied to other places that do not have a spatial distribution of this source. Forecasts of pollutant concentrations can inform public policies, including those addressing the effects of pollutants on health of the general population, and studies of the impacts of using different fuels and implementation of emissions regulations programs.

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Section: Wwwfrontiersinorgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality forecasting system for Southeastern Brazil

Andrade

Ynoue

Freitas

et al. 2015

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Saide et al (2011) suggest that preventive steps to limit high concentrations require that air quality forecast is available with at least 48 h lead time. A key parameter in air quality forecasts is PM 10 concentration (Saide et al, 2011). According to current knowledge, particulate matter (PM) consists of a complex mixture of solid and liquid particles of organic matter, mineral dust, secondary inorganic aerosols, trace metals and sea salt aerosols, as well as water and unspecified compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forecasts assist local authorities in preventive steps (e.g., temporary shutting of major emission sources; Ying et al, 2004). Saide et al (2011) suggest that preventive steps to limit high concentrations require that air quality forecast is available with at least 48 h lead time. A key parameter in air quality forecasts is PM 10 concentration (Saide et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of WRF-Chem to forecasting PM<SUB align="right">10 concentration over Poland

Werner

Kryza

Ojrzyńska

et al. 2015

IJEP

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Abstract:The meteorological and chemical transport model WRF-Chem was implemented to forecast PM 10 concentrations over Poland. WRF-Chem version 3.5 was configured with three one-way nested domains using the GFS meteorological data and the TNO MACC II emissions. The 48 hour forecasts were run for each day of the winter and summer period of 2014 and there is only a small decrease in model performance for winter with respect to forecast lead time. The model in general captures the variability in observed PM 10 concentrations for most of the stations. However, for some locations and specific episodes, the model performance is poor and the results cannot yet be used by official authorities. We argue that a higher resolution sector-based emission data will be helpful for this analysis in connection with a focus on planetary boundary layer processes in WRF-Chem and their impact on the initial distribution of emissions on both time and space.

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“…The evening transition and the stable ABLs over Santiago, on the other hand, have received much less attention, despite their large effect on the air pollution problem. Only recently, numerical modeling work (Saide et al, 2011) and observations with a ceilometer and a lidar (Muñoz and Alcafuz, 2012) are beginning to shed some light on the complex dynamics of the stable Santiago atmospheric boundary layer. The results have relevance from the point of view of the applied air pollution problem of Santiago.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative roles of emissions and meteorology in the diurnal pattern of urban PM₁₀: Analysis of the daylight saving time effect

Muñoz

2012

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Daylight saving time (DST) is a common practice in many countries, in which Official Time (OT) is abruptly shifted 1 hour with respect to solar time on two occasions every year (in fall and spring). All anthropogenic emitting processes tied to OT, like job and school commuting traffic, abruptly change in this moment their timing with respect to solar time, inducing a sudden shift between emissions and the meteorological factors that control the dispersion and transport of air pollutants. Analyzing 13 years of hourly particulate matter (PM10) concentrations measured in Santiago, Chile, we demonstrate that the DST practice has observable nontrivial effects in the PM10 diurnal cycle. The clearest impact is in the morning peak of PM10 during the fall DST change, which occurs later and has on average a significant smaller magnitude in the days after the DST change as compared to the days before it. This decrease in magnitude is most remarkable because it occurs in a period of the year when overall PM10 concentrations increase due to generally worsening of the dispersion conditions. Results are shown for seven monitoring stations around the city, and for the fall and spring DST changes. They show clearly the interplay of emissions and meteorology in conditioning urban air pollution problems, highlighting the role of the morning and evening transitions of the atmospheric boundary layer in shaping the diurnal pattern of urban air pollutant concentrations.Implications: The effects of daylight saving time adjustments on the diurnal cycle of PM 10 measured in Santiago, Chile, have been shown through the analysis of 13 years of hourly concentration data for seven air quality monitoring stations distributed over the city. They constitute an empirical demonstration of the sensitivity of PM 10 levels to modifications in the emission patterns and, as such, help in evaluating emission control measures taken during pollution episodes, as well as in constraining the magnitude and time phases of emission estimates used in numerical dispersion models.

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Forecasting urban PM10 and PM2.5 pollution episodes in very stable nocturnal conditions and complex terrain using WRF–Chem CO tracer model

Cited by 214 publications

References 39 publications

Air quality forecasting system for Southeastern Brazil

Air quality forecasting system for Southeastern Brazil

Application of WRF-Chem to forecasting PM<SUB align="right">10 concentration over Poland

Relative roles of emissions and meteorology in the diurnal pattern of urban PM₁₀: Analysis of the daylight saving time effect

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Forecasting urban PM10 and PM2.5 pollution episodes in very stable nocturnal conditions and complex terrain using WRF–Chem CO tracer model

Cited by 214 publications

References 39 publications

Air quality forecasting system for Southeastern Brazil

Air quality forecasting system for Southeastern Brazil

Application of WRF-Chem to forecasting PM<SUB align="right">10 concentration over Poland

Relative roles of emissions and meteorology in the diurnal pattern of urban PM10: Analysis of the daylight saving time effect

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Product

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Relative roles of emissions and meteorology in the diurnal pattern of urban PM₁₀: Analysis of the daylight saving time effect