Forecasting the Impact of Heart Failure in the United States

Abstract

Background Heart failure (HF) is an important contributor to both the burden and cost of national healthcare expenditures, with more older Americans hospitalized for HF than for any other medical condition. With the aging of the population, the impact of HF is expected to increase substantially. Methods and Results We estimated future costs of HF by adapting a methodology developed by the American Heart Association to project the epidemiology and future costs of HF from 2012 to 2030 without double counting the costs attributed to comorbid conditions. The model assumes that HF prevalence will remain constant by age, sex, and race/ethnicity and that rising costs and technological innovation will continue at the same rate. By 2030, >8 million people in the United States (1 in every 33) will have HF. Between 2012 and 2030, real (2010$) total direct medical costs of HF are projected to increase from $21 billion to $53 billion. Total costs, including indirect costs for HF, are estimated to increase from $31 billion in 2012 to $70 billion in 2030. If one assumes all costs of cardiac care for HF patients are attributable to HF (no cost attribution to comorbid conditions), the 2030 projected cost estimates of treating patients with HF will be 3-fold higher ($160 billion in direct costs). Conclusions The estimated prevalence and cost of care for HF will increase markedly because of aging of the population. Strategies to prevent HF and improve the efficiency of care are needed.

Rationale and design of TRANSITION: a randomized trial of pre‐discharge vs. post‐discharge initiation of sacubitril/valsartan

“…One recent estimate placed the global annual cost of HF overall to be $US108bn,5 and hospitalization represents a major component of this expenditure,6 with hospital stays for AHF typically lasting for 5–10 days 7. Moreover, as the population ages, the prevalence of HF is expected to increase markedly, with an associated impact on costs 8, 9…”

Interaction of Body Mass Index on the Association Between N‐Terminal‐Pro‐b‐Type Natriuretic Peptide and Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Acute Heart Failure: Findings From ASCEND‐HF (Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure)

“…Heart failure (HF) causes significant morbidity, mortality, and financial burden 1. Use of b‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the physiologically inert cleaved fragment, N‐terminal‐pro‐b‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), are guideline recommended by for the evaluation of dyspnea 2, 3.…”

Impact of Nitrate Use on Survival in Acute Heart Failure: A Propensity‐Matched Analysis

“…Heart failure is a global public health problem, affecting ≈26 million people worldwide 1. In North America, acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is the leading reason for hospitalization and readmissions, with a prevalence of over 6 million persons 1, 2.…”