2023
DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13061163
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Forecasting Pesticide Use on Golf Courses by Integration of Deep Learning and Decision Tree Techniques

Abstract: In the current study, a new hybrid machine learning (ML)-based model was developed by integrating a convolution neural network (CNN) with a random forest (RF) to forecast pesticide use on golf courses in Québec, Canada. Three main groups of independent variables were used to estimate pesticide use on golf courses, expressed as actual active ingredient rate (AAIR): (i) coordinates (i.e., longitude and latitude of the golf course), (ii) characteristics of the golf courses (i.e., pesticide type and the number of … Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
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“…where Q o and Q m represent the observed and modeled values of the target variable (respectively), H denotes the number of samples, Q o and Q m correspond to the average of the observed and modeled values of the target variable, respectively. The model efficiency characterization based on R 2 , NSE, and NRMSE intervals is provided in Table 2 [62].…”
Section: Goodness Of Fitmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…where Q o and Q m represent the observed and modeled values of the target variable (respectively), H denotes the number of samples, Q o and Q m correspond to the average of the observed and modeled values of the target variable, respectively. The model efficiency characterization based on R 2 , NSE, and NRMSE intervals is provided in Table 2 [62].…”
Section: Goodness Of Fitmentioning
confidence: 99%