“…Air is essential for the survival and development of all life on Earth, and it affects a person's health as well as the economy [1]. Air quality is largely determined by natural and human activities, such as volcanic eruptions, forest fires, climate change, ozone hole, industrialization, urbanization, and transportation emissions [2]. Many pollutants can be found in the atmosphere, such as SO 2 , NO 2 , CO 2 , NO, CO, NO, PM2.5, and PM10.…”