Forebrain Network Associated With Cardiovascular Control in Exercising Humans

Shoemaker, J. Kevin

doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000299

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…While electrical recordings from the brains of animals preceded functional neuroimaging models, the non-invasive allowances of the latter approach have enabled tremendous advances in the field. This approach repeatedly points to a group of regions that associate predictably in cardiovascular regulation (Shoemaker et al 2012 ; Cechetto and Shoemaker 2009 ; Ruiz Vargas et al 2016 ; Vargas et al 2016 ; Beissner et al 2013 ; Thayer et al 2012 ; Henderson et al 2012 ; Critchley et al 2000 ) (Shoemaker 2022 ). These regions include the medial prefrontal cortex, the insula cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral frontal cortex and hippocampus.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A century of exercise physiology: key concepts in neural control of the circulation

Shoemaker,

Gros

2024

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Early in the twentieth century, Walter B. Cannon (1871–1945) introduced his overarching hypothesis of “homeostasis” (Cannon 1932)—the ability to sustain physiological values within a narrow range necessary for life during periods of stress. Physical exercise represents a stress in which motor, respiratory and cardiovascular systems must be integrated across a range of metabolic stress to match oxygen delivery to oxygen need at the cellular level, together with appropriate thermoregulatory control, blood pressure adjustments and energy provision. Of these, blood pressure regulation is a complex but controlled variable, being the function of cardiac output and vascular resistance (or conductance). Key in understanding blood pressure control during exercise is the coordinating role of the autonomic nervous system. A long history outlines the development of these concepts and how they are integrated within the exercise context. This review focuses on the renaissance observations and thinking generated in the first three decades of the twentieth century that opened the doorway to new concepts of inquiry in cardiovascular regulation during exercise. The concepts addressed here include the following: (1) exercise and blood pressure, (2) central command, (3) neurovascular transduction with emphasis on the sympathetic nerve activity and the vascular end organ response, and (4) tonic neurovascular integration.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A century of exercise physiology: key concepts in neural control of the circulation

Shoemaker,

Gros

2024

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…These pre-clinical studies in animal models highlight the possibility of non-invasive, non-drug management of hypertension using TUS, opening avenues for treating clinical hypertension non-invasively. For this clinical application, TUS would need to suppress sympathetic nodes (e.g., rostral ventro-lateral medulla) or enhance parasympathetic nodes (e.g., medial prefrontal cortex) in the central autonomic network (Macefield & Henderson, 2020; Shoemaker, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromodulation with Ultrasound: Hypotheses on the Directionality of Effects and a Community Resource

Caffaratti,

Slater,

Shaheen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Low-intensity Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation (TUS) is a promising non-invasive technique for deep-brain stimulation and focal neuromodulation. Research with animal models and computational modelling has raised the possibility that TUS can be biased towards enhancing or suppressing neural function. Here, we first conduct a systematic review of human TUS studies for perturbing neural function and alleviating brain disorders. We then collate a set of hypotheses on the directionality of TUS effects and conduct an initial meta-analysis on the human TUS study reported outcomes to date (n =32 studies, 37 experiments). We find that parameters such as the duty cycle show some predictability regarding whether the targeted area’s function is likely to be enhanced or suppressed. Given that human TUS sample sizes are exponentially increasing, we recognize that results can stabilize or change as further studies are reported. Therefore, we conclude by establishing an Iowa-Newcastle (inTUS) resource for the systematic reporting of TUS parameters and outcomes to support further hypothesis testing for greater precision in brain stimulation and neuromodulation with TUS.HighlightsSystematic review of human TUS studies for enhancing or suppressing neural functionCollated set of hypotheses on using TUS to bias towards enhancement or suppressionMeta-analysis results identify parameters that may bias the directionality of effectsTUS resource established for systematic reporting of TUS parameters and outcomes

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“…More recently, advanced technologies have brought new aspects to the human exercise sciences. One example is the functional magnetic resonance imaging method, which reveals the regional changes in cortical activation patterns during the performance of exercises [2,3]. Another example is the development of genetics, which reveals individual differences in responses to physical training [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frameworks of Movement Sciences

Miyashita

2023

Applied Sciences

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This article is composed of two parts. In the first part, a review is conducted on how research concerning human movement has been performed on Japanese subjects with newly developed methods in the last 60 years. In the second part, the frameworks of human movement sciences, such as exercise physiology, biomechanics, sports performance, and health, are proposed mainly based on the research results obtained by the author and his colleagues. It is expected that this article will be helpful to researchers in the fields of physical education, sports, and health.

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Forebrain Network Associated With Cardiovascular Control in Exercising Humans

Cited by 5 publications

References 60 publications

A century of exercise physiology: key concepts in neural control of the circulation

A century of exercise physiology: key concepts in neural control of the circulation

Neuromodulation with Ultrasound: Hypotheses on the Directionality of Effects and a Community Resource

Frameworks of Movement Sciences

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