Ford’s network: the American-Yugoslav project and the circulation of urban planning expertise in the Cold War

Overpromising Technocracy’s Potential: The American-Yugoslav Project, Urban Planning, and Cold War Cultural Diplomacy

“…It was because of AYP, he suggests, that Yugoslav urban planning finally distinguished itself as a discipline in its own right, rather than as a subset of architecture. 13 This was not because the Americans imposed a new planning model; instead, as historian Brigitte Le Normand demonstrates, Yugoslav planners had grown frustrated by the limitations of spatial planning as a subdiscipline of architecture and sought training in interdisciplinary, scientific approaches to city and regional planning. 14 Yugoslav participants' desire to establish UPI as an exporter of urban planning knowledge and a global consultancy capable of undertaking development projects also marked AYP as part of the socialist internationalism Stanek has identified among architects and urbanists at mid-century.…”