Forces within hadrons on the light front

Gravitational form factors and mechanical properties of a quark at one loop in light-front Hamiltonian QCD

“…In our model, pressure distribution is in accordance with the von Laue condition [11,59] which is a stability…”

“…In the Drell-Yan frame, a twodimensional Fourier transform of the D-term from the momentum space q ⊥ to impact parameter space b ⊥ [56] gives the mechanical properties like the shear and pressure distributions in the transverse impact parameter space . The expressions for pressure and shear distributions in two-dimensions [11] are…”

“…In Ref. [2] the pressure distribution is defined in the infinite momentum frame, or equivalently in the light-front formalism [11]. As the transverse boosts in the light-front formalism are Galilean, one can describe the two-dimension pressure distribution of a relativistic system using overlaps of light-front wave functions (LFWFs) for the GFFs.…”

Energy-momentum tensor in QCD: nucleon mass decomposition and mechanical equilibrium

“…When P = 0 one can choose without loss of generality the z axis along P . Integrating over r z , one obtains the 2D EMT distributions which become genuine probabilistic distributions in the infinite-momentum limit [16,45,46]. In these two cases there is no energy transfer, p 0 = p 0 , so that the spatial distributions are in fact static, i.e.…”

“…In the context of high-energy scattering, it is particularly convenient to switch to light-front components defined as a ± = (a 0 ± a 3 )/ √ 2, where the z-direction is the collision axis. In this formulation of relativistic dynamics, the little group is Galilean and the longitudinal light-front momentum plays in the (x, y)-plane the same role as mass does in the non-relativistic context [16,46,76,77]. Finally, coming back to the fact that mass can be seen as the rest-frame energy and noting that light-front boosts are kinematical transformations, one may consider alternatively the light-front version of the energy decomposition discussed e.g.…”