Forces under the foot

Pollard, Jennifer; Quesne, L. P. Le; Tappin, J.W.

doi:10.1016/0141-5425(83)90076-6

Cited by 98 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These findings support the rationale that walking casts promote healing of neuropathic plantar ulcers by redistributing the forces on the bottom of the foot . The present findings as well as those of Pollard and associates (13) show greater pressure reduction at the first and third MTH as compared to the fifth MTH and heel . Further study is needed to determine if the rate of healing using walking casts is dependent on the ulcer location.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

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Walking casts : effect on plantar foot pressures

Ja¹,

Ds²,

Wl³

1985

JRRD

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-Pressure measurements were made at four sites on the right foot of six normal subjects while they walked in a standard shoe, conventional padded cast, total contact cast, and again in a shoe . No differences in mean relative pressure were found between the padded cast and the total-contact cast. Significant reductions in mean relative pressure were found between the standard shoe and walking casts at the first and third metatarsal head . This study supported the use of walking casts in the management of plantar ulcers . The effectiveness of the cast in reducing plantar pressure was not found to be dependent on the cast padding technique.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Pollard et al . (13) demonstrated that conventional walking casts greatly reduce plantar foot pressure and therefore promote healing at areas of high pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking casts : effect on plantar foot pressures

Ja¹,

Ds²,

Wl³

1985

JRRD

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“…Results of clinical tests for differing footwear using this type of transducer were reported by Pollard et aL for ten normal subjects (POLLARD et aL, 1983). Tappin and Robertson undertook barefoot measurements on a group of 20 normal subjects and in-shoe measurement for a variety of footwear on ten normal subjects (TAPPIN and ROBERTSON, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

An in-shoe laser Doppler sensor for assessing plantar blood flow in the diabetic foot

Cobb¹,

Claremont²

2001

Medical Engineering & Physics

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An in-shoe laser Doppler sensor for assessing plantar blood flow in the diabetic foot. Jonathan Edwin CobbPlantar ulceration is a complication of the diabetic foot prevalent in adults with type 11 diabetes mellitus. Although neuropathy, microvascular disease and biornechanical factors are all implicated, the mechanism by which the tissue becomes pre-disposed to damage remains unclear. Recent theories suggest that the nutritional supply to the tissue is compromised, either by increased flow through the arteriovenous anastomoses ('capillary steal' theory) or through changes in the micro vascu I ature (haemodynamic hypothesis). Clinical data to support these ideas has been limited to assessment of the unclad foot under rest conditions. A limitation of previous studies has been the exclusion of static and dynamic tissue loading, despite extensive evidence that these biornechanical factors are essential in the development of plantar ulceration. The present study has overcome these problems by allowing assessment of plantar blood flow, in-shoe, during standing and walking.The system comprises a laser Doppler blood flux sensor operating at 780nm, load sensor, measurement shoe, instrumentation, and analysis software. In-vitro calibration was performed using standard techniques. An in-vivo study of a small group of diabetic subjects indicated differences in the blood flux response between diabetic neuropaths, diabetics with vascular complications and a control group. For example, following a loading period of 120s, relative increases in response from rest to peak were: Control (150% to 259%), Vascular (-70% to 242%), Neuropathic (109%-174%) and recovery times to 50% of the peak response were: Control (33s to 45s), Vascular (43s to >120s), Neuropathic (>120s). Dynamic re-perfusion rates (arbitrary units per millisecond) obtained for the swing phase of gait were: Control (6.1 a. u/ms to 7.9 a. u/ms), Vascular (4 a. u/ms to 6.2 a. u/ms), Neuropathic (2.3 a. u/ms to 4.5 a. u/ms).

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“…• Foot temperature [26 & 27] • Friction between the foot and footwear [31][32][33][34][35] • Environmental (air, ground temperature) [ 6 & 7] B. Foot Temperature…”

Section: A Footwear Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature on the Performance of Footwear Foams: Review of Developments

2010

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Abstract--The human foot is a multifunctional system that serves as the primary physical interaction between the body and the environment during gait. Footwear foam components maintain efficient foot function which is essential for daily living and provide cushioning by acting as a protective layer between the foot and the ground that attenuates the shock of impact. Footwear foam materials have high temperature dependency mechanical characteristics. The lower the temperature, the less elastic the material becomes. Consequently, it would seem reasonable to expect different mechanical and cushioning characteristics for the same shoe under different temperature conditions. Although the footwear foam materials great temperature sensitivity and the clinical implications of excessive temperature rise in the footwear during activities on lower extremity injuries and ultimate amputation are well recognized, but very few studies have demonstrated this dependency. This study reviews the developments made on the temperature effect on the performance of footwear foams and assesses its consequent clinical complications.The search strategy was constructed around the temperature dependency of elastomeric by identifying the sources which affect the footwear foam temperature and also its important clinical implications. This study has intended to provide a review of such factors in order to aid the future materials development and product design. These findings will be useful individuals for those individuals with a history of lower extremity complications particularly diabetes.

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Forces under the foot

Cited by 98 publications

References 2 publications

Walking casts : effect on plantar foot pressures

Walking casts : effect on plantar foot pressures

An in-shoe laser Doppler sensor for assessing plantar blood flow in the diabetic foot

Effects of Temperature on the Performance of Footwear Foams: Review of Developments

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