Forced release of sodium from upper atmospheric dust particles

Zahn, U. von; Gathen, Peter von der; Hansen, G.

doi:10.1029/gl014i001p00076

Cited by 121 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Thus, Nas has been observed between low latitudes and high latitudes. In the high latitude observations, a strong correlations between Nas and sporadic E (Es) in the ionosphere occurrence has been observed and it is suggested that a neutral sodium atom is made from sodium ion (von Zahn et al 1987;von Zahn and Hansen 1988). It is noteworthy that the correlation between Nas and Es, based on the observations at Hachioji at mid-latitude was also reported (Nagasawa and Abo 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many Nas events were observed in the 1980s in Norway (69 N) (von Zahn et al 1987;von Zahn and Hansen 1988), and Longyearbyen, Svalbard (78 N) (Gardner et al 1988), Tokyo (35 N) (Nagasawa et al 1995), Mauna Kea, Hawaii (20 N) and Arecibo, Puerto Rico (18 N) (Beatty et al 1989). Thus, Nas has been observed between low latitudes and high latitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lidar Observations of Sporadic Fe and Na Layers in the Mesopause Region over Equator

Shibata

Nagasawa

Abo

et al. 2006

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Characteristics of sodium and iron layers in the mesopause region over the equator observed with the resonance scattering lidars installed at Kototabang, Indonesia (0.2 S, 100.3 E) are reported. These lidars were operated during the night. The sporadic sodium layer (Nas) and the sporadic iron layer (Fes) were detected in almost every observing opportunity other latitude regions. Nas and Fes layers appeared almost at the same time and the heights above 90 km. However, Fes layers appeared below 90 km as well. The occurrence of the Nas layer correlated well with that of sporadic E layer which was observed simultaneously by the ionosonde at Kototabang. On the other hand, the occurrences of the Nas and Fes layers does not correlate with that of the wind shear which has been observed simultaneously by the meteor radar at Kototabang. This result is not in agreement with the result of simultaneous observations by the Na lidar and the MU radar at Hachioji (35.6 N) and Shigaraki (34.9 N) in mid-latitude.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lidar Observations of Sporadic Fe and Na Layers in the Mesopause Region over Equator

Shibata

Nagasawa

Abo

et al. 2006

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…There are several previous studies on this issue [von Zahn et al, 1987;Nomura et al, 1987;Gu et al, 1995;Heinselman et al, 1998;Heinselman, 2000].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrease in sodium density observed during auroral particle precipitation over Tromsø, Norway

Tsuda

Nozawa

Kawahara

et al. 2013

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Using a simultaneous and common-volume observation by a European incoherent scatter (EISCAT) VHF radar and a sodium lidar at Tromsø, Norway (69.6 ı N, 19.2 ı E), we have determined, for the first time, the effect of pure particle precipitation, excluding that of the electric field, on sodium density variations. Our observation on 24-25 January 2012 showed that sodium atom density decreased when there was no ion temperature enhancement (indicating a weak electric field) and the electron density increased (indicating strong particle precipitation). From the results, we have concluded that auroral particle precipitation induced sodium atom density decrease in this event. Furthermore, a discussion is provided regarding the time response of the decrease in sodium density. Citation: Tsuda, T. T., et al. (2013), Decrease in sodium density observed during auroral particle precipitation over Tromsø, Norway, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40,[4486][4487][4488][4489][4490]

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“…The occurring altitude of Na s layers is generally higher than the peak of the main layer and normally falls with time (Clemesha, 1995). The decay period of Na s layers is normally longer than their formation period (Kwon et al, 1988;von Zahn et al, 1987). In addition, simultaneous and common volume lidar observations at 30 • N showed that, 62 % of sporadic Na and Fe (Fe s ) layers occurred in overlapping altitude ranges and moved following almost the same track (Yi et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

First report of sporadic Na layers at Qingdao (36° N, 120° E), China

Wang

Chen³

et al. 2014

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. This paper reports, for the first time, observational results of mesopause sporadic Na (Na s ) layers by a ground-based lidar at Qingdao (36 • N, 120 • E), China. Based on ∼ 430 h of observational data on 95 nights from December 2007 to June 2012, we have selected a total of 53 Na s layer events. It is found that characteristics of Na s layers over Qingdao have general similarity with those over nearby sites, Wuhan (30 • N, 114 • E) and Hefei (32 • N, 117 • E), but not those over the site Hachioji (35 • N, 139 • E) at nearly the same latitude as Qingdao. At the same time, parameters of sporadic E (E s ) layers were recorded by an ionosonde. The fact that E s layer occurrence probabilities of 19, 22, and 18 % in time intervals before, during, and after the Na s layers are very close to the average occurrence ratio of the nocturnal E s layer (21 %), may reveal a general independence between Na s and E s layers over Qingdao. Only those strong Na s layers above the peak altitude of the main Na layer might have a significant correlation with E s layers. In addition, a total of 11 high-altitude (above 105 km) Na s layer events have been surveyed specially. It is found that these high-altitude Na s layers were usually weak. And they possessed long-duration (> 147 min) and broad-layer width (4.0 km) compared with Na s layers below 105 km (> 96 min and 2.4 km). These characteristics are in accord with observational results at Wuhan. It is suggested that there is little correlation between this kind of Na s layers and E s layers. Finally, the summer topside enhancement phenomenon of Na atoms observed at Qingdao is in accord with several earlier observational results at different sites (18, 30, and 54 • N) in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Forced release of sodium from upper atmospheric dust particles

Cited by 121 publications

References 15 publications

Lidar Observations of Sporadic Fe and Na Layers in the Mesopause Region over Equator

Lidar Observations of Sporadic Fe and Na Layers in the Mesopause Region over Equator

Decrease in sodium density observed during auroral particle precipitation over Tromsø, Norway

First report of sporadic Na layers at Qingdao (36° N, 120° E), China

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