Forced copulation in captive mallards (Anas platyrhynchos): II. Temporal factors

Cheng, Kimberly M.; Burns, Jeffrey T.; McKinney, Frank

doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(82)80140-1

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is unlikely that withinpair copulations are significantly underreported in these studies, because within-pair copulation in waterfowl is associated with conspicuous pre-and postcopulatory display behaviour [64,67,68]. In addition, several studies have found support for the hypothesis that males who perform FEPCs are trying to increase their chances of paternity by directing FEPCs to females in the laying and pre-laying phase (captive studies: [91,94], field studies: [78]), and by timing FEPCs to the morning hours as soon as females leave their nest when sperm has a higher chance to outcompete sperm that has been previously stored in her oviduct [95]. These studies indicate that FEPCs are much less successful than within-pair copulations, despite their high frequency of occurrence and behavioural strategies used by forced copulation males that seek to increase their success.…”

Section: A Case Study: Sexual Conflict and Genital Coevolution In Watmentioning

confidence: 99%

The limits of sexual conflict in the narrow sense: new insights from waterfowl biology

Brennan

Prum

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Sexual conflict occurs when the evolutionary interests of the sexes differ and it broadly applies to decisions over mating, fertilization and parental investment. Recently, a narrower view of sexual conflict has emerged in which direct selection on females to avoid male-imposed costs during mating is considered the distinguishing feature of conflict, while indirect selection is considered negligible. In this view, intersexual selection via sensory bias is seen as the most relevant mechanism by which male traits that harm females evolve, with antagonistic coevolution between female preferences and male manipulation following. Under this narrower framework, female preference and resistance have been synonymized because both result in a mating bias, and similarly male display and coercion are not distinguished. Our recent work on genital evolution in waterfowl has highlighted problems with this approach. In waterfowl, preference and resistance are distinct components of female phenotype, and display and coercion are independent male strategies. Female preference for male displays result in mate choice, while forced copulations by unpreferred males result in resistance to prevent these males from achieving matings and fertilizations. Genital elaborations in female waterfowl appear to function in reinforcing female preference to maintain the indirect benefits of choice rather than to reduce the direct costs of coercive mating. We propose a return to a broader view of conflict where indirect selection and intrasexual selection are considered important in the evolution of conflict.

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Section: A Case Study: Sexual Conflict and Genital Coevolution In Watmentioning

confidence: 99%

The limits of sexual conflict in the narrow sense: new insights from waterfowl biology

Brennan

Prum

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Constraints on the free expression of mate preferences may sometimes occur in almost all species (14), thus, the first assumption of the CH may be met in most species. Individuals of each of our study species sometimes reproduce under constraints in nature: Female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) (15)(16)(17) and flies (Drosophila pseudoobscura) (6) are sometimes forcecopulated. Male and female flies, pipefish (Syngnathus typhle), and mice (Mus musculus) sometimes court under predation risk and experience limits to dispersal that constrain their mate preferences.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The hypothesis of reproductive compensation and its assumptions about mate preferences and offspring viability

Gowaty¹,

Anderson

Bluhm³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

168

146

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The Compensation Hypothesis says that parents and prospective parents attempt to make up for lowered offspring viability by increasing reproductive effort to produce healthy, competitive offspring and by increasing investment in less viable, but still-living progeny (parental effects). The hypothesis assumes that offspring viability is lower when individuals are constrained (often through sexual conflict) to breed with individuals they do not prefer. We review results of experimental tests of the offspring-viability assumption in Tanzanian cockroaches, fruit flies, pipefish, wild mallards, and feral house mice. Experimental constraints on mating preferences lowered offspring viability in each of the studies. Females breeding under constraints laid more eggs or gave birth to more young than females breeding without or with fewer constraints on their mating preferences, and males mating under constraints on their mate preferences ejaculated more sperm than males mating without constraints. The number of eggs laid or offspring born was higher when female choosers were experimentally constrained to reproduce with males they did not prefer. Constrained females may increase fecundity to enhance the probability that they produce adult offspring with rarer phenotypes with survival benefits against offspring generation pathogens. Similarly, ejaculation of more sperm when males are paired with females they do not prefer may be a mechanism that provides more variable sperm haplotypes for prospective mothers or that may provide nutritional benefits to mothers and zygotes. differential allocation ͉ fecundity ͉ sexual conflict ͉ constraints hypothesis T he Compensation Hypothesis (CH) (1, 2) says that parents and prospective parents increase reproductive effort and investments in offspring to make up for lowered offspring viability resulting from reproduction under constraints. It predicts what individuals do when they are unable to mate with preferred partners as often happens under sexual conflict, i.e., when individuals are constrained to reproduce with partners they do not prefer. The hypothesis assumes that (i) when constrained individuals have other options, they resist reproduction with partners they do not prefer, but sometimes resistance is unsuccessful and individuals then attempt to make the best of a bad job; and (ii) constraints on the free expression of mate preferences negatively affect offspring viability. In this work, we introduce the assumptions and predictions of the CH; in Results and Discussion we describe combined analyses over independent studies designed to test the assumptions and predictions of the CH, and we contrast our results with predictions from classical sexual selection.

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“…Two FEPC attempts in only 20 hours of observation suggest a high frequency of FEPC activity at the nesting area. Male ducks in captivity (Cheng et al 1982) and in the wild (Stewart andTitman 1980, Evarts 1990) have also been reported to chase and attempt FEPC with females after they leave their nest. Although they were not always successful in waylaying a female as she left her nest, visiting the cay also may have allowed males to learn which females were laying.…”

Section: Discussion Male Tactics For Detecting Fertile Females and Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced Extra-Pair Copulation in the White-Cheeked Pintail: Male Tactics and Female Responses

Sorenson

1994

The Condor

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Abstract. I studied tactics used by males to detect fertile females and achieve forced extra-pair copulations (FEPC) and female responses to FEPCs in a non-migratory, asynchronously breeding population of White-cheeked Pintails (Anas bahamensis) in the Bahamas. Males assessed female reproductive status by (1) monitoring behavior of neighboring pairs, (2) visiting the island nesting site and observing laying females directly, and (3) chasing females. FEPC attempts directed at neighboring females were more likely to occur during the female's fertile period than FEPC attempts directed at non-neighbors and a large proportion (44%) of FEPC attempts involved neighboring pairs. Sexual chases of fertile females were more frequent and of longer duration than chases of non-fertile females suggesting that males gain information on female reproductive status in initial chases. Males employed sophisticated tactics to achieve FEPCs, including waylaying females as they left their nests, approaching females surreptitiously by swimming "submarine" style, and capturing and mounting females underwater. Females vigorously resisted FEPC attempts by repeatedly diving, flying away and hiding and were sometimes chased to exhaustion. The high costs of resistance and observations that females resisted copulations from all extra-pair males, regardless of quality, make "resistance-as-a-ploy" and "genetic-quality" hypotheses unlikely explanations for why females resist EPCs. I argue that females resist EPCs to preserve the pairbond and investments of their mates, which in turn protects their investment.

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Forced copulation in captive mallards (Anas platyrhynchos): II. Temporal factors

Cited by 38 publications

References 17 publications

The limits of sexual conflict in the narrow sense: new insights from waterfowl biology

The limits of sexual conflict in the narrow sense: new insights from waterfowl biology

The hypothesis of reproductive compensation and its assumptions about mate preferences and offspring viability

Forced Extra-Pair Copulation in the White-Cheeked Pintail: Male Tactics and Female Responses

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