Force-velocity-power profiling of maximal effort sprinting, jumping and hip thrusting: Exploring the importance of force orientation specificity for assessing neuromuscular function

Junge, Nicklas; Lundsgaard, Aske; Hansen, Mathias Foged; Samozino, Pierre; Morin, Jean-Benoı̂t; Aagaard, Per; Contreras, Bret; Nybo, Lars

doi:10.1080/02640414.2021.1920128

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Samozino et al [52] recently identified acceleration performance less than 30m largely depends on P MAX and individual mechanical characteristics, further identifying the necessity to develop and express this mechanical quality to be an effective field hockey player. These findings have been supported in similar studies, but not all (r = 0.27) [53] involving amateur netball players, academy rugby players, high-level sprint athletes and professionl male and female football players, (r = 0.40−0.75) [14,[18][19][20], further highlighting the need for power development expression in field and court sports. However, across these studies, most force variables (F 0 ) did not achieve significance (r ≤ 0.27), thereby demonstrating a greater emphasis on movement velocity capabilities to express maximal external power.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The stronger kinematic relationship between relative P MAX and v 0 in sprinting compared to jumping is likely due to the necessity to achieve maximal power expression in early acceleration [58] plus the overall duration of the task places a greater emphasis on velocity qualities. Similar P MAX correlations in other population groups including netball, soccer and ballet suggests this relationship may be typical amongst athletes irrespective of their ability level or sport (i.e., novice vs elite) [14,[18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…When exploring mechanical transfer (i.e., matched variables between each action [vertical/horizontal directed force production]) between vertical and horizontal based actions in amateur, national and elite level team sports [14][15][16][17], research has demonstrated maximal external power showed the strongest significant relationship (r = 0.40−0.75, p ≤ 0.04) between jumping and sprinting actions [14,[18][19][20][21], however this is yet to be explored in field hockey. Despite strong associations with external maximal power, force (r =-0.12−0.58) and velocity (r =-0.31−0.71) demonstrated trivial to moderate, and often non-significant mechanical transfer between actions, potentially highlighting greater independent neuromuscular and physiological characteristics of these two variables [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating Vertical and Horizontal Force-Velocity Profiles in Club-Level Field Hockey Athletes: Do Mechanical Characteristics Transfer Between Orientation of Movement?

Hicks

Drummond

Williams

et al. 2023

Int'l Journal of Strength & Conditioning

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To inform physical preparation strategies in field hockey athletes, this cross-sectional study investigated the transfer of mechanical characteristics in different force-vectors and determined the correlations between vertical and horizontal force-velocity profiles and performance outcomes. Thirty-one club-level field hockey athletes (age: 23.1 ± 4.3yrs, body mass: 70.6 ± 10.3kg, height: 1.72 ± 0.09m) performed vertical (jump) force-velocity profiles by performing countermovement jumps at three incremental loads, and horizontal (sprint) force-velocity profiles by performing maximal 30-meter sprint efforts. When comparing matched mechanical variables between F-v profiles in each force orientation, small to moderate significant correlations (0.37 ≤ r ≥ 0.62, p ≤ 0.03) were observed for relative theoretical maximal force (F0), power (PMAX) and theoretical maximal velocity (v0). The performance outcomes of both F-v profiles highlighted a large, significant negative correlation (r = -0.86, p = 0.001) between variables. Multiple linear regression analysis of F-v profiles identified F0 and v0 accounted for 74% and 94% of the variability in jump height and sprint time respectively, however v0 appeared to be a greater predictor of both performance outcomes. Due to the significant relationships between variables, the results of this study suggest vertical and horizontal F-v profiling explain the same key lower-limb mechanical characteristics, despite the orientation of the movement task. With club-level field hockey athletes, coaches could therefore use mechanical profiling methods interchangeably and prescribe physical preparation interventions to assess neuromuscular function plus mechanical strengths and weaknesses by performing one force-velocity assessment only.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating Vertical and Horizontal Force-Velocity Profiles in Club-Level Field Hockey Athletes: Do Mechanical Characteristics Transfer Between Orientation of Movement?

Hicks

Drummond

Williams

et al. 2023

Int'l Journal of Strength & Conditioning

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In a study performed by Jiménez-Reyes et al ( 2018) authors reported that P max scores obtained with jumping and sprinting F-v profiling are moderately related, while this was not the case with F 0 and V 0 (Jiménez-Reyes et al, 2018). Another recent study (Junge et al, 2021) that included sprint, jump and hip thrust tasks corroborated this finding, while Zivkovic et al (2017) showed some between-tasks associations for F 0 and V 0 as well. In the case of consistency of F-v relationships across tasks, performing only one task for assessment purposes would be sufficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Differences in Force-Velocity Profiles During Countermovement Jump and Flywheel Squats and Associations With a Different Change of Direction Tests in Elite Karatekas

et al. 2022

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The force-velocity (F-v) relationship has been proposed as a biomechanical characteristic to comprehensively evaluate neuromuscular capabilities within different tasks such as vertical jumping, sprinting and bench pressing. F-v relationship during flywheel (FW) squats was already validated, however, it was never compared to F-v profile of vertical jumps or associated with change of direction (CoD) performance. The aims of our study were (1) to compare F-v profiles measured during counter movement jumps (CMJs) and FW squats, (2) to determine correlations of F-v mechanical capacities with different CoD tests, (3) to investigate the portion of explained variance in CoD tests with the F-v outcome measures. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 39 elite karatekas. They performed CMJs and FW squats using progressive loads to calculate F-v profile outcome variables and different CoD tests (CoD at 90°, CoD at 180°, t-test, short karate specific test (KST) and long KST). Our results showed significantly higher values in all F-v outcome variables (F0—theoretical maximal force, V0—maximal unloaded velocity, Pmax—maximal power output, F-vslope—the slope of F-v relationship) calculated from CMJs compared to FW squats (all p < 0.01). Significant positive moderate correlations between the tasks were found for F0 and Pmax (r = 0.323–0.378, p = 0.018–0.045). In comparison to F-v outcome variables obtained in FW squats, higher correlations were found between F-v outcome variables calculated from CMJs and CoD tests. The only significant correlation in F-v outcome variables calculated from FW squats was found between Pmax and short KST time. For all CoD tests, only one F-v predictor was included; more specifically—CMJ-F0 for CoD 90°, CoD 180° and t-test, and FW-Pmax for short KST performance. To conclude, our results showed that F-v relationship between CMJs and FW squats differed significantly and cannot be used interchangeably for F-v profiling. Moreover, we confirmed that high force and power production is important for the successful performance of general and karate specific CoD tasks.

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“…Irrespective of the mathematical model applied to force-velocity data, the practical importance of the relationship is clear for S&C practitioners. Force-velocity profiling can be utilised as a diagnostic tool to monitor training (Colyer et al, 2018;Iglesias-Soler et al, 2017;Jiménez-Reyes, Samozino, Brughelli, et al, 2017), individualise training prescription (Jiménez-Reyes, Samozino, Brughelli, et al, 2017;Morin & Samozino, 2016;Simpson et al, 2021) and predict theoretical maxima (e.g., power, velocity, and force) (Jiménez-Reyes, Samozino, Pareja-Blanco, et al, 2017;Junge et al, 2021;Samozino et al, 2008). Moreover, it has been posited that assessing force-velocity characteristics is a more valid representation of an individual's physical capabilities than a single measure of power, jump height, or sprint time, for example (Jiménez-Reyes, Samozino, Pareja-Blanco, et al, 2017;Morin & Samozino, 2016;Samozino et al, 2012).…”

Section: Practical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of the load-velocity profile to predict one repetition maximum

Thompson

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Autoregulation is the process of acutely manipulating training variables in response to an individual’s fluctuations in strength and fatigue and is vital for optimising programming. Load-velocity profiles (LVPs) have been proposed as effective flexible programming strategies to optimise resistance training load (kg), often through the daily estimation of one repetition maximum (1RM). This PhD, therefore, adopted a pragmatic, mixed methods research design and followed an applied research model (ARMSS) to devise a series of studies to ascertain a novel, efficient, and valid approach to LVP-based 1RM prediction. Prior to choosing an autoregulatory method, strength and conditioning (S&C) practitioners must first determine an appropriate non-flexible programming strategy. A systematic review of literature revealed percentages of 1RM (% 1RM) as the superior method for increasing maximal strength (study one). After thematic analyses (study two) revealed barriers such as inaccurate 1RM predictions, time-costly protocols, and “iPad coaching” to the implementation of LVPs within practice; common velocity-based technology used by coaches; and the combination of ballistic and non-ballistic exercise when profiling, a new LVP method addressing these factors was devised in a key training, but under-researched exercise, the free-weight back squat. The new approach to LVP-based 1RM prediction developed from this thesis utilised the Gymaware linear-position transducer given its superior reliability and validity (study three); individualised profiling due to stronger load-velocity relationships and large between-participant variability observed (study four); ballistic (jump squat) exercise after larger mechanical output was revealed in 0-60% 1RM when compared to non-ballistic (back squat) (study five); a submaximal point of extrapolation (80% 1RM mean velocity) due to poor within-participant reliability of loads > 85% 1RM (study four); quadratic modelling (study four); and as few as four incremental loads. Results revealed this combination to be an effective method for estimating 1RM and autoregulating daily load for S&C coaches.

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Force-velocity-power profiling of maximal effort sprinting, jumping and hip thrusting: Exploring the importance of force orientation specificity for assessing neuromuscular function

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Investigating Vertical and Horizontal Force-Velocity Profiles in Club-Level Field Hockey Athletes: Do Mechanical Characteristics Transfer Between Orientation of Movement?

Investigating Vertical and Horizontal Force-Velocity Profiles in Club-Level Field Hockey Athletes: Do Mechanical Characteristics Transfer Between Orientation of Movement?

Differences in Force-Velocity Profiles During Countermovement Jump and Flywheel Squats and Associations With a Different Change of Direction Tests in Elite Karatekas

The efficacy of the load-velocity profile to predict one repetition maximum

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