Force Measurements and Flow Visualization for a Flexible Flapping Wing Mechanism

Massey, Kevin; Flick, Ashley; Jadhav, Gautam

doi:10.1260/175682909789996168

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For example, as shown in figure 22, Massey et al [130] adopted a PIV system to observe changes in the surrounding fluid of flexible and deformable flapping wings to understand their fluid dynamics. Deng et al [131] performed high-speed imaging to identify the deformation of a flexible flapping wing under vacuum conditions and in air.…”

Section: Devices For Visualizing Wing Deformation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-inspired flapping wing robots with foldable or deformable wings: a review

Zhang¹,

Zhao

2022

Bioinspir. Biomim.

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Traditional flapping-wing robots (FWRs) obtain lift and thrust by relying on the passive deformation of their wings which cannot actively fold or deform. In contrast, flying creatures such as birds, bats, and insects can maneuver agilely through active folding or deforming their wings. Researchers have developed many bio-inspired foldable or deformable wings (FDWs) imitating the wings of flying creatures. The foldable wings refer to the wings like the creatures’ wings that can fold in an orderly manner close to their bodies. Such wings have scattered feathers or distinct creases that can be stacked and folded to reduce the body envelope, which in nature is beneficial for these animals to prevent wing damage and ensure agility in crossing bushes. The deformable wings refer to the active deformation of the wings using active driving mechanisms and the passive deformation under the aerodynamic force, which functionally imitates the excellent hydrodynamic performance of the deformable body and wings of the creatures. However, the shape and external profile changes of deformable wings tend to be much smaller than that of folding wings. FDWs enable the FWRs to improve flight degree of flexibility, maneuverability, and efficiency and reduce flight energy consumption. However, FDWs still need to be studied, and a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art progress of FDWs in FWR design is lacking. This paper analyzes the wing folding and deformation mechanisms of the creatures and reviews the latest progress of FWRs with FDWs. Furthermore, we summarize the current limitations and propose future directions in FDW design, which could help researchers to develop better FWRs for safe maneuvering in obstacle-dense environments.

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Section: Devices For Visualizing Wing Deformation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-inspired flapping wing robots with foldable or deformable wings: a review

Zhang¹,

Zhao

2022

Bioinspir. Biomim.

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“…One of the most noticeable effects of having a flexible wing was that the wing flexed such that the wingtip generally lagged the wing root (Massey et al, 2009). The schematic feature of the flexible wing motion has been displayed in the Fig.…”

Section: The Effects Of the Strut Pattern On The Flow Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Investigation on Wing Optimization for a Four-Wing Flapper

Yang

Huang

et al. 2013

51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition

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An experimental investigation was conducted to study the flow characteristics of the flow around the flapping wings of a four-wing flapper as well as its lift and thrust coefficients. In the present study, a clap-and-fling type of four-wing flapper was designed and manufactured by using several flexible materials, such as PET film, latex and aluminized Mylar. Different cross-strut patterns and dimensions of wings were manufactured and tested for the optimization of wing designs. In addition to the lift and thrust measurements using a high sensitive force moment sensor unit, a high-resolution Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system was employed to achieve detailed flow field measurements to quantify the evolution of the unsteady vortex flow structure around wings and in the downstream of the flapper. The force measurements were analyzed in correlation with the detailed flow measurements to elucidate underlying physics in order to improve our understanding for an optimized flexible wing design and better performance for flapping-wing micro air vehicle. NomenclatureAOA = angle of attack c = chord length of the wing C L = lift coefficient C T = thrust coefficient F x = force acting on the four wing flapper in x direction F y = force acting on the four wing flapper in y direction F z = force acting on the four wing flapper in z direction g = acceleration of gravity m = mass of the wing R TW = the ratio of thrust to weight s = span of the wing S1 = cross strut pattern one S2 = cross strut pattern two S3 = cross strut pattern three U ∞ = mean velocity of the uniform flow x = axial coordinate y = vertical coordinate z = transverse coordinate ρ = air density 1 Undergraduate Student,

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“…The studies reported by Weis-Fogh, 1 Lighthill, 2 Dickinson and G€ otz, 3 Wootton, 4 Dickinson, 5 Ellington et al, 6 Ellington, 7 Dickinson et al, 8 and Sun and Tang 9 were immense in contribution and laid a path to understand flapping flight. Hong and Altman, 10,11 Jardin et al, 12 Massey et al, 13 Krashanitsa et al, 14 Mazaheri and Ebrahimi, [15][16][17] Suryadi et al, 18 Jones and Babinsky, 19 Lua et al, 20 Ozen and Rockwell, 21 Curtis et al, 22 Granlund et al, 23 Goli et al, 24 and Lua et al 25 report various studies performed on flapping wings with an intention to visualize and understand the flow field behavior of heaving, pitching, and combined heaving-pitching of rigid airfoils, flat plates, and wings of low aspect ratio (AR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vortex filamentation and fragmentation phenomena in flapping motion and effect of aspect ratio and frequency on global strain, rotation, and enstrophy

Goli

Roy

2019

International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles

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In the present study, flow field around rigid flat plate wings executing main flapping motion has been studied using phaselocked two-dimensional particle image velocimetry measurements. Experiments have been conducted in water as a fluid medium for an asymmetric upper-lower stroke single degree of freedom main flapping motion. Two different aspect ratio (1.5 and 1.0) rectangular wings at 1.5 and 2.0 Hz flapping frequency in hovering flight mode (advance ratio, J ¼ 0), zero wing pitch angle, and chord-based Reynolds number of the order of 10 4 have been studied. Velocity field and vorticity field with k 2 criterion information have been obtained for the complete stroke in great detail to reveal the minute aspects of flow dynamics. The flow features during the downstroke and upstroke have been observed to be consistent for all four cases investigated. The predominant characteristic of the flow during downstroke and upstroke has been referred to as vortex filamentation and fragmentation phenomena. Quantities such as circulation, rate of strain, rate of rotation, and enstrophy have been studied to identity the effect of minor change in aspect ratio and flapping frequency. It is found that for higher aspect ratio wing hyperbolic behavior is predominant except for end of downstroke and beginning of upstroke where elliptic behavior is observed. For lower aspect ratio, wing elliptic behavior is predominant except for end of upstroke and beginning of downstroke where hyperbolic behavior is seen. The hyperbolic behavior became stronger at higher frequency. From enstrophy distribution it is evident that higher frequencies play a more dominant role than aspect ratio in determining the budget.

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Force Measurements and Flow Visualization for a Flexible Flapping Wing Mechanism

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Bio-inspired flapping wing robots with foldable or deformable wings: a review

Bio-inspired flapping wing robots with foldable or deformable wings: a review

An Experimental Investigation on Wing Optimization for a Four-Wing Flapper

Vortex filamentation and fragmentation phenomena in flapping motion and effect of aspect ratio and frequency on global strain, rotation, and enstrophy

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