Force generation of organelle transport measured in vivo by an infrared laser trap

Ashkin, A.; Schütze, Karin; Dziedzic, J. M.; Euteneuer, Ursula; Schliwa, Manfred

doi:10.1038/348346a0

Cited by 502 publications

(327 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Optical trapping on the other hand, being compatible with micro-or nanofluidic systems, is a well-established technique that has been widely applied to singlemolecule force and optical spectroscopy, non-invasive manipulation, and chemical reactions monitoring . [8][9][10][11][12][13] More recently, optical trapping has been applied to plasmonic noble metal nanoparticles. [14][15][16] Due to their localized surface plasmon resonances, noble metal nanoparticles provide strongly enhanced and highly localized electromagnetic fields close to their surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Single-Nanoparticle Surface-Chemistry by Plasmonic Overheating in an Optical Trap

Lutich

et al. 2012

Nano Lett.

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Surface-chemistry of individual, optically trapped plasmonic nanoparticles is modified and accelerated by plasmonic overheating. Depending on the optical trapping power, gold nanorods can exhibit red-shifts of their plasmon resonance (i.e. increasing aspect ratio) under oxidative conditions. In contrast, in bulk exclusively blue shifts (decreasing aspect ratios) are observed. Supported by calculations, we explain this finding by local temperatures in the trap exceeding the boiling point of the solvent which can not be achieved in bulk.Keywords noble metal nanoparticles; plasmon resonance; colloidal chemistry; nano-/microfluidics; gold nanorods; plasmonic heating Miniaturization is a successful approach to faster, more efficient applications in physics and chemistry. In chemistry, the reduction of reaction volumes is expected to lead to highthroughput, portable analytical and sensing applications, and fundamental insights into single-molecule chemical reactions. [1][2][3] Lab-on-a-chip applications frequently employ microor nanofluidic structures. [4][5][6][7] However, these approaches do not change the outcome of a chemical reaction. Optical trapping on the other hand, being compatible with micro-or nanofluidic systems, is a well-established technique that has been widely applied to singlemolecule force and optical spectroscopy, non-invasive manipulation, and chemical reactions monitoring . [8][9][10][11][12][13] More recently, optical trapping has been applied to plasmonic noble metal nanoparticles. [14][15][16] Due to their localized surface plasmon resonances, noble metal nanoparticles provide strongly enhanced and highly localized electromagnetic fields close to their surface. 17 Their optical and field-enhancing properties allow for manipulating and enhancing fluorescence, Raman scattering, charge and energy transfer, and local temperature. [18][19][20][21] The surface plasmon resonances can be tuned through controlling size, shape and material of the nanoparticles via advanced colloidal chemistry. 22 Gold nanorods for instance, display two different plasmon modes: one transversal, in which the electrons oscillate perpendicular to the long axis of the rod, and the other red shifted longitudinal, in which the electrons oscillate along the long axis of the nanorod. 23 Europe PMC Funders Author Manuscripts sensitively depends on the nanorod's aspect ratio: the higher the aspect ratio, the more red shifted the longitudinal plasmon resonance.Here we apply the plasmonic heating effect of a single gold nanoparticle in an optical trap to both accelerate and modify chemical reactions on the surface of the particle. We show that individual optically trapped plasmonic particles modify and accelerate surface-chemistry by plasmonic overheating to yield different and faster results than the corresponding bulk reactions. Individual gold nanorods under oxidative conditions can display a red-shift of their localized surface plasmon resonances corresponding to an increasing aspect ratio, while in bulk exclusively bl...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Single-Nanoparticle Surface-Chemistry by Plasmonic Overheating in an Optical Trap

Lutich

et al. 2012

Nano Lett.

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“…One important fact that has to be considered for a large variety of intracellular transport phenomena is that, in most cases, cargos are not transported by single but by multiple motors which are attached to their surface [21,154]. Experimental evidence for the attachment of many motors is based on a number of observations, in particular based on force measurements [345,351,215,223].…”

Section: Motor-cargo Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular motors transport various types of cargos [388,112,237] of different sizes, such as filament precursors, mRNA granules [377], lipid droplets [389], viral capsids [232], lysosomes, or even objects as large as mitochondria [162,21,322].…”

Section: Motor-cargo Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular transport driven by cytoskeletal motors: General mechanisms and defects

2015

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Cells are the elementary units of living organisms, which are able to carry out many vital functions. These functions rely on active processes on a microscopic scale. Therefore, they are strongly out-of-equilibrium systems, which are driven by continuous energy supply. The tasks that have to be performed in order to maintain the cell alive require transportation of various ingredients, some being small, others being large. Intracellular transport processes are able to induce concentration gradients and to carry objects to specific targets. These processes cannot be carried out only by diffusion, as cells may be crowded, and quite elongated on molecular scales. Therefore active transport has to be organized.The cytoskeleton, which is composed of three types of filaments (microtubules, actin and intermediate filaments), determines the shape of the cell, and plays a role in cell motion. It also serves as a road network for a special kind of vehicles, namely the cytoskeletal motors. These molecules can attach to a cytoskeletal filament, perform directed motion, possibly carrying along some cargo, and then detach.It is a central issue to understand how intracellular transport driven by molecular motors is regulated. The interest for this type of question was enhanced when it was discovered that intracellular transport breakdown is one of the signatures of some neuronal diseases like the Alzheimer.We give a survey of the current knowledge on microtubule based intracellular transport. Our review includes on the one hand an overview of biological facts, obtained from experiments, and on the other hand a presentation of some modeling attempts based on cellular automata. We present some background knowledge on the original and variants of the TASEP (Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process), before turning to more application oriented models. After addressing microtubule based transport in general, with a focus on in vitro experiments, and on cooperative effects in the transportation of large cargos by multiple motors, we concentrate on axonal transport, because of its relevance for neuronal diseases. Some important characteristics of axonal transport is that it takes place in a confined environment; Besides several types of motors are involved, that move in opposite directions. It is a challenge to understand how this bidirectional transport is organized. We review several features that could contribute to the efficiency of bidirectional transport in the axon, including in particular the role of motor-motor interactions and of the dynamics of the underlying microtubule network. Finally, we also discuss some open questions that may be relevant for future research in this field.

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“…[3][4][5] They have, for instance, been used to study cellcell interaction, 6 to manipulate organelles without breaking the cell membrane 7 and to measure adhesion forces between cells. 8 It is even possible to drill holes in cell membranes at very precise positions using a so-called laser scalpel. 9 One of the most obvious applications of optical tweezers is as a sorting device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical tweezers applied to a microfluidic system

et al. 2004

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We will demonstrate how optical tweezers can be combined with a microfluidic system to create a versatile microlaboratory. Cells are moved between reservoirs filled with different media by means of optical tweezers. We show that the cells, on a timescale of a few seconds, can be moved from one reservoir to another without the media being dragged along with them. The system is demonstrated with an experiment where we expose E. coli bacteria to different fluorescent markers. We will also discuss how the system can be used as an advanced cell sorter. It can favorably be used to sort out a small fraction of cells from a large population, in particular when advanced microscopic techniques are required to distinguish various cells. Patterns of channels and reservoirs were generated in a computer and transferred to a mask using either a sophisticated electron beam technique or a standard laser printer. Lithographic methods were applied to create microchannels in rubber silicon (PDMS). Media were transported in the channels using electroosmotic flow. The optical system consisted of a combined confocal and epi-fluorescence microscope, dual optical tweezers and a laser scalpel.

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Force generation of organelle transport measured in vivo by an infrared laser trap

Cited by 502 publications

References 25 publications

Enhancing Single-Nanoparticle Surface-Chemistry by Plasmonic Overheating in an Optical Trap

Enhancing Single-Nanoparticle Surface-Chemistry by Plasmonic Overheating in an Optical Trap

Intracellular transport driven by cytoskeletal motors: General mechanisms and defects

Optical tweezers applied to a microfluidic system

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