“…It has extensive miscibility with water, esters, ketones, alcohols, carbon disulfide, ethers, and chlorinated hydrocarbons . Due to its relatively high dielectric constant and large dipole moment, DMF is regarded as a “versatile solvent” and is widely used in a variety of industrial applications, including the production of synthetic leather, fiber, film and surface coatings, dyes, adhesives, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. − DMF could enter the organs of the human and animal body via the respiratory tract, digestive tract, and skin touch, which can induce hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, alcohol intolerance, possible embryotoxicity, and teratogenicity. − On account of its various applications and severe toxic effects, DMF has been selected as one of the four priority compounds for human field studies by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) of the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) . Until now, a series of approaches have been developed to recover DMF from industrial waste as much as possible.…”