Force extension analysis of Avena coleoptile cell walls

Olson, Alfred C.; Bonner, James; Morré, D. James

doi:10.1007/bf00521347

Cited by 65 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A certain minimum IAA concentration appeared to be essential tor all observed attributes of vessel development, the water potential mainly influencing the level of IAA required: as the water potential is lowered, so the minimum IAA concentration is increased. This interaction between the two growth factors is not unexpected in view of their respective roles in cell expansion (Cleland, 1959;Preston, 1964;Olson, Bonner and Morre, 1965;Burstrom, Uhrstrom and Wurscher, 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

EFFECTS OF GROWTH REGULATING SUBSTANCES AND WATER POTENTIAL ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY XYLEM IN FRAXINUS

Doley

Leyton

1968

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYMarked variations in secondary vascular growth of detached Fraximis e.xcelsior L. stems were obtained with changes in water potential and in IAA and GA concentrations in the culture medium. The width of new tissue, the number of fibres and the mean fibre diameter increased with IAA concentration up to iomg.P' and generally with GA concentration up to ioomg.P', but by far tbe greatest influence was tbat of water potential wbich, especially between zero and -O.I J.g~ , significantly depressed cell division and expansion. Expansion of cambial initials to a diameter of about 6 n appeared to be necessary before active cell division commenced.essel development was particularly sensitive to IAA supply and tbe amount of IAA required for the formation of groups of vessels increased as tbe number of constituent vessels increased and as the water potential was reduced. Gibberellin bad no significant effect on tbe number of vessel groups formed, but appeared to increase tbe number of vessels formed in any group. Vessel formation may occur without cell division in an initially dormant cambium. Increasing the IAA supply led to increasing vessel cross sectional areas, but progressively less effectively as the water potential was reduced; tbe marked reduction in vessel lumen area between zero and -O.I J.g~' potential suggests tbat vessels formed at reduced water potentials may bave different metabolic patterns tban tbose formed at zero potential from an active cambium.The significance of tbe depressing effect on cell division and expansion of even a slight reduction in water potential is discussed in relation to wood development in trees growing under conditions of moisture stress.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

EFFECTS OF GROWTH REGULATING SUBSTANCES AND WATER POTENTIAL ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY XYLEM IN FRAXINUS

Doley

Leyton

1968

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even under these conditions free hydroxyproline is able to cause a hydroxyproline formation occurs during the first 3 significant inhibition of hydroxy proline formation hours and remains relatively constant thereafter (table IV). In A venia coleoptiles hydroxyproline-containing proteins are about equally distributed between cell wall and cytoplasmic fractions (6,20). The free hiydroxyprolin.es inhfibit the incorporation of proline inito the protein-bound hydroxyproline of both fractions, but the greater effect is found in the wall protein 'factor (table V).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Formation of Protein-Bound Hydroxyproline by Free Hydroxyproline in Avena Coleoptiles

Cleland¹

1967

Plant Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary. Free hydroxyproline inhibits the formation of protein-bound hydroxyproline from proline to a considerably greater extent than it does the incorporation of proline into prbtein of auxin-treated Avena coleoptiles. This inhibition is greater in the wall th!an in the cytoplasmic fraction. In the absence of auxin, free hydroxyproline exerts little or no inhibition of hydroxyproline formnation. Furtherore free hydroxyproline has no effect on respirtion, RNA synthesis or the incorporation of leucine into protein.Hydroxyproline is not a general inhibitor of metabolism or protein synthesis in Avena coleoptiles.These results suggest that free hydroxyproline may inhibit auxin-induced cell elongation by blocking the formation or utilization of a particular hydroxyproline-rich protein which must be incorporated into the cell wall during auxin-induced wall extension.Free hydroxyproline is an effective inhibitor of auxin-induced growth in Avena coleoptile (5, 7.19) and a variety of callus tissues (13,16,29). The ability of free pgoline to completely reverse this inhibition (5,13,19,29) suggests that hydroxyproline is acting as an antagonist of some facet of proline metabolism. Since most amino acid antagonists exert their effect on some aspect of protein synthesis (26), it was suggested (5) that free hydroxyproline inhibits growth by interfering with the synthesis of some protein which is essential for cell elongation. Available evidence was not sufficienit, lhowever, to rule out the possibility that hydroxylproline is a general metabolic inhibitor.The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of hydroxyproline on several aspects of the metabolism of Avena coleoptile tissues and, in particular, to determine its effects on protein synthesis. Since allohvdroxyproline is mre effective than hydroxyproline as a growth inhibitor (7), it was also included in this gtudy. It will be shown lhere that the 2 hydroxyprolines exert a specific inhibition of one facet of protein synthesis, the formation from proline of protein-bound hydroxyproline.1 Supported bv Grant GM-12881 from the United States Public Health Service and Grant GB-5385X from the National Science Foundation. Materials and MethodsThe plant material consisted of 5 or 14 mm sections cut from 25 to 32 mm coleoptiles of Avena sativa, var. Victorv. Seedlings were grown and sections prepared as detailed earlier (3). rhe primary leaf was removed from all sections. L-Proline, hydroxyproline (4-trans-hydroxy-L-proline), and allohydroxyprol;ine (4-cis-hydroxy-L-proline) were obtained from California Corporation for Biochemical Research. L-Proline-u-14C (200 mc/ mmole) and DL-leucine-1-l"C (4 mc/mmole), were from New England Nuclear Corporation. Hydroxyproline and allohydroxyproline were used at concentrations (1 and 0.5 mm, respectively) which caused maximal inhibition of auxin-induced growth (7).IAA was used at 5 jig/ml.Oxygen; uptake was determined by the standard Warburg manometric techniques with groups of thirty 5 mm sections in 2.7 ml of basal medium (2.5...

show abstract

“…On the other hand, wall extensibility is essential for growing cells (5,14). It depends on the metabolism and has been very often associated with protein formation (4,7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensibility and rheology of collenchyma I. Creep relaxation and viscoelasticity of young and senescent cells

Jaccard

Pilet

1975

Plant and Cell Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The extensibility of collenchyma cells was methodologically analyzed; extensibility (elasticity and plasticity) and rheology of this tissue are discussed. Experimental conditions are described. Rheological data for young and senescent cells were obtained; they were found to be not Boltzmannian. The permanent strain is not viscous, and is larger for young cells than older ones.Previous observations (17, 18) have shown that collenchyma cells are useful for extensibility experiments. The problem of the extensibility of these cells will be considered here methodologically. In order to describe the analyzing technique, the results of creep relaxation will be compared with those related to physical analysis of polymers. First, several general questions have to be discussed.Clearly, the elongation rate is related both to turgor pressure and deformability of the wall (8,20). On the other hand, wall extensibility is essential for growing cells (5,14). It depends on the metabolism and has been very often associated with protein formation (4, 7). The deformability of the wall can be analyzed also by comparing it with the physical properties of some polymers. The aim of such assays is to discover the physical nature of the wall by analyzing stress relaxation by rheological measurements. This can be easily done by simple tension with a pulled bar.Measuring extensibility and deformability is not an easy task; the stress developed in the cell wall is not a simple tension, but a hydrostatic one. A cellular model was proposed (11) and is presented in Fig.

show abstract

Force extension analysis of Avena coleoptile cell walls

Cited by 65 publications

References 13 publications

EFFECTS OF GROWTH REGULATING SUBSTANCES AND WATER POTENTIAL ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY XYLEM IN FRAXINUS

EFFECTS OF GROWTH REGULATING SUBSTANCES AND WATER POTENTIAL ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY XYLEM IN FRAXINUS

Inhibition of Formation of Protein-Bound Hydroxyproline by Free Hydroxyproline in Avena Coleoptiles

Extensibility and rheology of collenchyma I. Creep relaxation and viscoelasticity of young and senescent cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About