Foraminiferal fauna from a deep basin in Gullmar Fjord: The influence of seasonal hypoxia and North Atlantic Oscillation

Asteman, Irina Polovodova; Nordberg, Kjell

doi:10.1016/j.seares.2013.02.001

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Cassidulina laevigata and Cylindrogullmia alba show the same distribution pattern along the TOC gradient as for species from the indifferent EG2. Cassidulina laevigata is a typical species of the Skagerrak-Kattegat fauna (sensu Nordberg et al 2000), which used to flourish in several Scandinavian fjords until it was replaced by species associated with frequent coastal hypoxia (e.g., Alve 1991, Polovodova Asteman & Nordberg 2013, Polovodova Asteman et al 2015. In the present study, C. laevigata is never abundant, it only occurs at stations with normoxic conditions and mainly, but not solely, where TOC is low to moderate (Fig.…”

Section: Foraminiferal Indicator Speciessupporting

confidence: 44%

Can benthic foraminifera serve as proxies for changes in benthic macrofaunal community structure? Implications for the definition of reference conditions

Bouchet

Telford

Rygg

et al. 2018

Marine Environmental Research

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Benthic macrofauna is one of the most widely used biological groups to assess the ecological status of marine systems. Lately, attention has been paid to similar use of benthic foraminifera. In this study, distribution patterns of benthic foraminiferal and macrofaunal species were investigated simultaneously in 11 fjords in southeastern Norway in order to assess correlations and responses to environmental conditions. Selected fjords allowed to investigate contrasted environmental conditions from low total organic carbon (TOC) content (sediment TOC < 2.7%) in normoxia (bottom-water [O] > 2 mL O.L) up to high TOC content (> 3.4%) in severe hypoxia (< 0.5 mL O.L). Environmental parameters comprised bottom-water dissolved oxygen, grain size, total organic carbon, total nitrogen (TN), pigments and depth below threshold (DBT). Foraminiferal and macrofaunal community data were significantly correlated (Procrustes analysis m = 0.66, p = 0.001). Hence, benthic foraminiferal distribution patterns mirror those of benthic macrofauna. However, as opposed to the foraminifera, macrofauna was not recorded at the most oxygen-depleted stations and, hence, was more sensitive to severe oxygen depletion. With regard to assigning species to ecological groups for ecological quality status assessment, the results suggest that species, e.g. Spiroplectammina biformis (foraminifera), Scalibregma inflatum (macrofauna), may exhibit different ecological requirements depending on their habitat. Considering the observed congruent patterns of benthic foraminifera and macrofauna, palaeo-communities of benthic foraminifera could be used as indicators of reference conditions for benthic macrofaunal community structure. This would however need further developments of algorithms to perform such a translation.

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Section: Foraminiferal Indicator Speciessupporting

confidence: 44%

Can benthic foraminifera serve as proxies for changes in benthic macrofaunal community structure? Implications for the definition of reference conditions

Bouchet

Telford

Rygg

et al. 2018

Marine Environmental Research

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“…physiological limits to low O 2 concentrations seem unavoidable (Brewer and Peltzer, 2009), the existence of thresholds for elevated pCO 2 are less evident. Moreover, the fact that no or negligible mortality was experienced in our experiments at RI's of 0.69, where Brewer and Peltzer (2009) predict the organisms to be severely compromised, in the thermodynamic limit of aerobic respiration, supports the idea that organisms have acclimatized to reoccurring events of low O 2 (and low pH), which are well documented within the Gullmar Fjord (Rosenberg, 1985;Johannessen and Einar, 1996;Nordberg et al, 2000;Polovodova and Nordberg, 2013). While there is a relatively long history of monitoring in the Gullmar Fjord, one of the longest-studied ecosystems in the world (seawater temperature records exist since the 1700s), pH data collection has been erratic and often only recorded at the surface (SMHI, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Response to Referee 1

Anonymous

2018

Preprint

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Coastal hypoxia is a problem that is predicted to increase rapidly in the future. At the same time, we are facing rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, which are increasing the pCO 2 and acidity of coastal waters. These two drivers are well studied in isolation; however, the coupling of low O 2 and pH is likely to provide a more significant respiratory challenge for slow moving and sessile invertebrates than is currently predicted. The Gullmar Fjord in Sweden is home to a range of habitats, such as sand and mud flats, seagrass beds, exposed and protected shorelines and rocky bottoms. Moreover, it has a history of both natural and anthropogenically enhanced hypoxia as well as North Sea upwelling, where salty water reaches the surface towards the end of summer and early autumn. A total of 11 species (Crustacean, Chordate, Echinoderm and Mollusc) of these ecosystems were exposed to four different treatments (high or low oxygen and low or high CO 2 ; varying pCO 2 of 450 and 1300 µatm and O 2 concentrations of 2-3.5 and 9-10 mg L −1) and respiration measured after 3 and 6 days, respectively. This allowed us to evaluate respiration responses of species of contrasting habitats to single and multiple stressors. Results show that respiratory responses were highly species specific as we observed both synergetic as well as antagonistic responses, and neither phylum nor habitat explained trends in respiratory responses. Management plans should avoid the generalized assumption that combined stressors will result in multiplicative effects and focus attention on alleviating hypoxia in the region.

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“…Whereas physiological limits to low O 2 concentrations seem unavoidable (Brewer and Peltzer, 2009), the existence of thresholds for high CO 2 are less evident. Moreover, the fact that no or negligible mortality was experienced in our experiments at RI's of 0.69, whereBrewer and Peltzer (2009) predict the organisms to be severely compromised, in the thermodynamic limit of aerobic 20 respiration, supports the idea that organisms have acclimatized to reoccurring events of low O 2 (and low pH), which are well documented within the Gullmar Fjord (Rosenberg, 1985;Johannessen and Einar, 1996;Nordberg et al, 2000;Polovodova and Nordberg, 2013). While there is a relatively long history of monitoring in the Gullmar Fjord, one of the longest-studied ecosystems in the world (seawater temperature records exist since the 1700's), pH data collection has been erratic and often only recorded at the surface (SMHI, 2011).…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Variable metabolic responses of Skagerrak invertebrates to low O<sub>2</sub> and high CO<sub>2</sub> scenarios

Fontanini¹,

Steckbauer²,

Dupont³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Coastal hypoxia is a problem that is predicted to increase rapidly in the future. At the same time we are facing rising 15 atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, which are increasing the pCO 2 and acidity of coastal waters. These two drivers are well studied in isolation however; the coupling of low O 2 and pH is likely to provide a more significant respiratory challenge for slow moving and sessile invertebrates than is currently predicted. The Gullmar Fjord in Sweden is home to a range of habitats such as sand and mud flats, seagrass beds, exposed and protected shorelines, and rocky bottoms. Moreover, it has a history of both natural and anthropogenically enhanced hypoxia as well as North Sea upwelling, where salty water reaches 20 the surface towards the end of summer and early autumn. A total of 11 species (Crustacean, Chordate, Echinoderm and Mollusc) of these ecosystems were exposed to four different treatments (high/low oxygen and low/high CO 2 ; varying pCO 2 of 450 and 1300 ppm and O 2 concentrations of 2-3.5 and 9-10 mg L -1 ) and respiration measured after 3 and 6 days, respectively. This allows us to evaluate respiration responses of species of contrasting habitats and life-history strategies to single and multiple stressors. Results show that the responses of the respiration were highly species specific as we observed 25 both synergetic as well as antagonistic responses, and neither phylum nor habitat explained trends in respiratory responses.Management plans should avoid the generalized assumption that combined stressors will results in multiplicative effects and focus attention on alleviating hypoxia in the region. KEYWORDS:Hypoxia, ocean acidification, low O 2 , high CO 2 , low pH, invertebrates, Gullmar Fjord. 30Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-321 Manuscript under review for journal Biogeosciences Discussion started: 18 September 2017 c Author(s) 2017. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 IntroductionResolving the responses of marine organisms to the multiple pressures associated with global change is a major challenge for marine scientists (Duarte et al., 2014). This challenge is particularly pressing for coastal ecosystems, where human populations and impacts often concentrate. Among these pressures, decreasing O 2 concentrations (hypoxia) and ocean acidification (OA) are receiving particular attention (Diaz and Rosenberg, 2008; Doney et al., 2009; Vaquer-Sunyer 5 and Duarte, 2008; Kroeker et al., 2013). Whereas uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 , is leading to more acid waters in the open ocean (Doney et al., 2009;Caldeira and Wickett, 2003), the control of pH in coastal waters is more complex, often involving metabolic processes (Duarte et al., 2013). This metabolic control is particularly evident when eutrophication stimulates algal blooms, leading to increased sedimentation of organic matter, subsequently degraded through microbial respiration, therebyconsuming O 2 and releasing CO 2 (Conley et al., 2009). Hence, elevated CO 2 through excess respiration is associated with 10 reduc...

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Foraminiferal fauna from a deep basin in Gullmar Fjord: The influence of seasonal hypoxia and North Atlantic Oscillation

Cited by 26 publications

References 59 publications

Can benthic foraminifera serve as proxies for changes in benthic macrofaunal community structure? Implications for the definition of reference conditions

Can benthic foraminifera serve as proxies for changes in benthic macrofaunal community structure? Implications for the definition of reference conditions

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Variable metabolic responses of Skagerrak invertebrates to low O<sub>2</sub> and high CO<sub>2</sub> scenarios

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Foraminiferal fauna from a deep basin in Gullmar Fjord: The influence of seasonal hypoxia and North Atlantic Oscillation

Cited by 26 publications

References 59 publications

Can benthic foraminifera serve as proxies for changes in benthic macrofaunal community structure? Implications for the definition of reference conditions

Can benthic foraminifera serve as proxies for changes in benthic macrofaunal community structure? Implications for the definition of reference conditions

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Variable metabolic responses of Skagerrak invertebrates to low O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and high CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; scenarios

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Variable metabolic responses of Skagerrak invertebrates to low O<sub>2</sub> and high CO<sub>2</sub> scenarios