20Whether intensive harvesting alters the behavioural repertoire of exploited fishes is currently unknown, but plausible. We extend a fish life-history model to account for 22 boldness as a personality trait that affects foraging intensity, which affects energy intake and risk from predation and fishing gear. We systematically investigate life-24 history and behavioral trait evolution along the boldness-timidity axis in response to the full range of common selectivity and exploitation patterns in fisheries. In agreement 26with previous studies we find that any type of harvesting selects for fast life histories and that merely elevated, yet unselective, fishing mortality favors boldness. We also 28 find that timid-selective fishing (which can be expected in selected species targeted by active gear types) selects for increased boldness. By contrast, increased timidity is 30 predicted when fishing targets bolder individuals common to passive gears, whether in combination with selection on size or not. Altered behavior caused by intensive 32 harvesting should be commonplace in nature, which can have far-reaching ecological, evolutionary and managerial impacts. Evolution of timidity is expected to strongly 34 erode catchability, which will negatively affect human well-being and influence the reliability of stock assessments that rely on fishery-dependent data. 36Key words: fisheries-induced evolution, timidity syndrome, personality traits, selection 38 gradients, life-history evolution Les modifications du comportement causĂ©s par la pĂȘche intensive sont probablement 54 courants dans la nature, ce qui peut avoir d'importantes consĂ©quences Ă©cologiques, Ă©volutives et en termes de gestion. En particulier, l'Ă©volution vers une plus grande 56 timiditĂ© peut Ă©roder l'attrapabilitĂ©, affectant le bien-ĂȘtre des pĂȘcheurs et la fiabilitĂ© des Ă©valuations de stock reposant sur des donnĂ©es dĂ©pendantes de la pĂȘche. 58