Forage Establishment and Renovation

Hall, M. H.; Newman, Yoana C.; Williamson, Jessica A.

doi:10.1002/9781119436669.ch25

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Delayed plantings of perennials in the fall can result in stand mortality and subsequent reductions in biomass yields the year following seeding (Hall, 1995). Previous work with perennial grasses and forage legumes adapted to the northern U.S. has shown that for survival and significant yield the following spring, seeding should occur about 6 wk before the average date of the first killing frost (Hall & Collins, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of seeding date on grain and biomass yield of intermediate wheatgrass

et al. 2022

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Intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) (IWG) is a perennial grass being domesticated for grain production with potential to provide economic return and ecosystem services across a broad geographic range in North America, yet optimum seeding dates for grain and biomass yield are unknown. Our objective was to determine the effect of late‐summer, fall, and spring seeding dates on grain and biomass yield of a grain‐type IWG population. Trials were conducted at St. Paul and Roseau, MN, Kalispell, MT, and Salina, KS. Seeding dates ranged from August to June of the following year. Grain and biomass yields were highest when seeded at the earliest late‐summer date for all environments except for Kansas, where a September 29 seeding date produced the greatest grain and biomass yields. Little to no grain was produced from spring seedings in the first production year, substantiating that photoperiod and vernalization requirements are needed for seed head induction. Grain and biomass yields were positively correlated to cumulative growing degree days (GDD) from seeding date to winter dormancy. A quadratic response was observed at Salina, KS, where seed yields maximized when GDD accumulation reached 912. Accumulation of vernalization units throughout fall, winter, and spring after seeding was also positively correlated with grain yield. The minimum vernalization units for grain production varied from 50 to 87 across sites. Results highlight important associations between thermal units and IWG grain yield when seeded in late summer; however, other variables affecting IWG seed head induction (e.g., photoperiod, snow cover) require further study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of seeding date on grain and biomass yield of intermediate wheatgrass

et al. 2022

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“…Frost seeding is the practice of broadcasting clover seed in winter so that freeze–thaw cycles of the soil surface, coupled with later rainfall, provide adequate soil–seed contact (Hall et al., 2020). Particularly in the temperate northeast United States, frost seeding is a recognized low‐cost and effective method to increase plant diversity into warm‐ and cool‐season pastures (Gettle et al., 1996; Casler et al., 1999); however, in the U.S. upper southeast, frost seeding has generally been deemed unreliable, and the specific reasons for failure are unclear (Schlueter & Tracy, 2012); hence, there is still limited adoption of frost seeding in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clover frost‐seeding rate effects on productivity and nutritive value of tall fescue pastures during the year of establishment

2022

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Frost seeding is a low‐cost effective strategy to introduce legumes into existing perennial pastures; however, it has been deemed unreliable in the upper southeast USA. We evaluated frost seeding planting rate effects of clover (Trifolium spp.) during the year of establishment on productivity and nutritive value of clover‐tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) Darbysh.] pastures. Ball (T. nigrescens Viv.), crimson (T. incarnatum L.), red (T. pratense L.), and white (T. repens L.) clover were frost seeded in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain for 3 yr (2017–2019). Planting rates were 0X, 0.5X, 1X, 1.5X, and 2X of the recommended rate (X) of 5.6, 13.5, 11.2, and 5.6 kg ha–1 for ball, crimson, red, and white clover, respectively. At Coastal Plain, clover accounted for ≤16%. At Piedmont, ball, crimson, red, and white clover accounted for up to 27, 48, 21, and 15%, respectively. Notwithstanding similar clover frequency early in the growing season at both locations, competition from tall fescue in a higher rainfall environment is attributed to the lower clover contribution at Coastal Plain. Increasing clover frost‐seeding rate resulted in greater crude protein (130–154 g kg–1) and total digestible nutrients (586–610 g kg–1) only at Piedmont. The results from this study support the practice of frost‐seeding ball, crimson, red, and white clover at planting rates of 5.6, 20.2, 11.2, and 5.6 kg ha–1, respectively, into tall fescue pastures in the Piedmont; however, minimal or no benefits of frost seeding clover were observed in the Coastal Plain.

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“…The sowing method influences the degree of competition with weeds, the establishment rate of the seeded plant and DMY (Hall & Vough, ; Vitorino, Junior, Goncalves, & Martins, ). Forage seeding methods range from simply broadcasting seeds over the soil surface to minimize tillage or use of conventional drills (Cosgrove & Collins, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recommended seeding rates for a given species vary globally, owing to differences in seed size and seed quality, as well as differences in soils, climate and sowing methods (Hall & Vough, ). Seeding rates affect the productivity of biomass and grain, and affect costs (Ahmad, Iqbal, Ayub, & Akhtar, ; Shirtliffe & Johnston, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seeding rates affect the productivity of biomass and grain, and affect costs (Ahmad, Iqbal, Ayub, & Akhtar, ; Shirtliffe & Johnston, ). Several experiments have been conducted on the seeding rates and sowing methods in legume crops and temperate forage legumes (Ahmad et al, ; Atis et al, ; Baird, Walley, & Shirtliffe, ; Hall & Vough, ; Mligo & Craufurd, ; Read, McLaughlin, Jenkins, & Fairbrother, ); however, there is little information about tropical forage legumes in this regard. There are reports that dry‐matter yield (DMY) or biomass increases with increasing seeding rates (Ahmad et al, ; Atis et al, ; Baird et al, ; Mligo & Craufurd, ; Shirtliffe & Johnston, ; Turk & Tawaha, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of sowing methods and seeding rates on growth and yield characteristics of phasey bean (Macroptilium lathyroides)

Tobisa

Nakano

2019

Grass and Forage Science

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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sowing methods (broadcast or row sowing) and seeding rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 g/m 2 ) on growth, yield characteristics, and forage quality of phasey bean (Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb.) cv. "Murray"). Experiments were carried out in 2002 and 2003. Sowing method affected dry-matter yield (DMY): broadcast sowing resulted in higher DMY than row sowing in 2002, and during the first harvest in 2003. Dry-matter digestibility (DMD) and crude protein (CP) concentration were not influenced by the sowing method, except when DMD and CP of the broadcast sowing treatment increased as the plant weightincreased. Contrary to expectation, seeding rate did not affect leaf area index, DMY, DMD, CP, digestible dry-matter yield or CP yield. Even the lowest seeding rate did not influence the yield and forage quality of phasey bean, compared with the recommended higher seeding rate. K E Y W O R D Sgrowth, phasey bean, seeding rate, sowing method, yield characteristics

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Forage Establishment and Renovation

Cited by 7 publications

References 73 publications

Effects of seeding date on grain and biomass yield of intermediate wheatgrass

Effects of seeding date on grain and biomass yield of intermediate wheatgrass

Clover frost‐seeding rate effects on productivity and nutritive value of tall fescue pastures during the year of establishment

Effects of sowing methods and seeding rates on growth and yield characteristics of phasey bean (Macroptilium lathyroides)

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