For the sake of resilience and multifunctionality, let's diversify planted forests!

Messier, Christian; Bauhus, Jürgen; Sousa-Silva, Rita; Auge, Harald; Baeten, Lander; Barsoum, Nadia; Bruelheide, Helge; Caldwell, Benjamin E.; Cavender‐Bares, Jeannine; Dhiedt, Els; Eisenhauer, Nico; Ganade, Gislene; Gravel, Dominique; Guillemot, Joannès; Hall, Jefferson S.; Hector, Andrew; Hérault, Bruno; Jactel, Hervé; Koricheva, Julia; Kreft, Holger; Mereu, Simone; Muys, Bart; Nock, Charles A.; Paquette, Alain; Parker, John D.; Perring, Michael P.; Ponette, Quentin; Potvin, Catherine; Reich, Peter B.; Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael; Schnabel, Florian; Verheyen, Kris; Weih, Martin; Wollni, Meike; Zemp, Delphine Clara

doi:10.1111/conl.12829

Cited by 191 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As a result of these activities, many native New Zealand tree species that were once common are now classified as threatened or protected in both rural and urban areas [25,26]. However, New Zealand is currently host to a wide range of alien species, defined as species non-native to New Zealand [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Since the 1990s, alien (non-native) tree species have had a significantly higher afforestation rates than native species in New Zealand [31,32].…”

Section: The Decline Of Native Forests After Human Settlement In New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native Trees as a Provider of Vital Urban Ecosystem Services in Urbanizing New Zealand: Status Quo, Challenges and Prospects

Jang

Woo

2022

Land

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In New Zealand, over 87% of the population currently resides in cities. Urban trees can face a myriad of complex challenges including loss of green space, public health issues, and harm to the existence of urban dwellers and trees, along with domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutant emissions. Despite New Zealand being a biodiversity hotspot in terms of natural environments, there is a lack of knowledge about native tree species’ regulating service (i.e., tree development and eco-physiological responses to low air quality, GHG, rising air temperatures, and drought) and how they grow in built-up environments such as cities. Therefore, we argue for the value of these native species in terms of ecosystem services and insist that they need to be viewed in relation to how they will respond to urban abiotic extremes and climate change. We propose to diversify planted forests for several reasons: (1) to improve awareness of the benefits of diverse planted urban forests; (2) to foster native tree research in urban environments, finding new keystone species; and (3) to improve the evidence of urban ecosystem resilience based on New Zealand native trees’ regulating services. This article aims to re-evaluate our understanding of whether New Zealand’s native trees can deal with environmental stress conditions similarly to more commonly planted alien species.

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Section: The Decline Of Native Forests After Human Settlement In New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native Trees as a Provider of Vital Urban Ecosystem Services in Urbanizing New Zealand: Status Quo, Challenges and Prospects

Jang

Woo

2022

Land

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“…Similarly, exotic pine plantations in New Zealand can support a diverse native flora in their understorey ( Forbes et al, 2019 ). However, as monospecific plantations typically provide less non-production-related ecosystem services on all but least degraded sites ( Bauhus et al, 2010 ), future planted forests may be designed, and management measures adapted, to integrate ineradicable alien species – maximizing multifunctionality ( Liu et al, 2018 ; Messier et al, 2021 ). In specific, Baeten et al (2019) reported that targeting high tree productivity does not necessarily trade-off against other ecosystem services.…”

Section: Can Exotic Species Maintain Ecosystem Functioning Ecosystem Services?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Who or the How? Species vs. Ecosystem Function Priorities in Conservation Ecology

Leuzinger

Rewald

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Current conservation strategies are targeted at preserving species, without explicitly aiming at the maintenance of ecosystem functions. In a physically highly connected world, the unintentional relocation of terrestrial, marine, and microbial life is therefore unavoidable and has been an integral part of human evolution for thousands of years. Here, we challenge the default perception often shared among conservation ecologists that preserving native species at all costs and reducing the number of exotic species and their abundance is the only way to conservation and restoration success. While this strategy is valuable in cases where exotic species disrupt ecological function, there are examples where exotic species have similar functional traits to the threatened or extinct native species and can in fact help maintain the overall or target function of an ecosystem. In the race to cope with global environmental change, we argue that ecosystem function and ecosystem services need to be viewed not only through a taxonomic lens, but increasingly also through a functional, trait-based one.

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“…Likewise, promoting species‐rich plantations will enhance the carbon storage potential of managed forests in addition to reforestation projects. Transdisciplinary projects are needed to understand both biodiversity and production constraints and objectives 8 . Here, we suggest that biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning (BEF) research should take a sharp turn toward transdisciplinary research to better meet the practical demands of land managers, practitioners, and restoration initiatives 8 .…”

Section: Diversifying Forests To Mitigate Carbon Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transdisciplinary projects are needed to understand both biodiversity and production constraints and objectives 8 . Here, we suggest that biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning (BEF) research should take a sharp turn toward transdisciplinary research to better meet the practical demands of land managers, practitioners, and restoration initiatives 8 . For instance, Mao et al 17 proposed and applied a holistic modelling framework to link biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic goals in French mountain resort areas.…”

Section: Diversifying Forests To Mitigate Carbon Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse forests are cool: Promoting diverse forests to mitigate carbon emissions and climate change

Beugnon

Ladouceur

Sünnemann

et al. 2021

J of Sust Agri & Env

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Climate change is one of the most pressing threats to humanity, inducing a global increase in temperatures and more frequent extreme climatic events. Considering this, global reforestation initiatives are proposed to capture carbon and mitigate climate change. Global restoration and reforestation programs and their targets have inspired both unparalleled enthusiasm worldwide and intense scientific criticism and debate regarding their feasibility and implementation. We agree that global reforestation forecasting and efforts require a nuanced discussion and approach. In that vein, we would like to emphasize the potential of increasing existing forest diversity to enhance climate change mitigation by increasing aboveground and belowground carbon storage.Moreover, we argue that focusing on planting diverse forests in reforestation efforts can help to reduce climate change effects on ecosystems: first, by increasing resistance and resilience to extreme climatic events, and second, by buffering microclimatic conditions in natural and urban areas. Diversifying forests plantations and reforestation projects may not always be feasible and cannot solve the climate crisis by itself. However, we highlight that a focus on diverse forests could maximize the benefits of reforestation programs by promoting sustainable land management.

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For the sake of resilience and multifunctionality, let's diversify planted forests!

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 191 publications

References 26 publications

Native Trees as a Provider of Vital Urban Ecosystem Services in Urbanizing New Zealand: Status Quo, Challenges and Prospects

Native Trees as a Provider of Vital Urban Ecosystem Services in Urbanizing New Zealand: Status Quo, Challenges and Prospects

The Who or the How? Species vs. Ecosystem Function Priorities in Conservation Ecology

Diverse forests are cool: Promoting diverse forests to mitigate carbon emissions and climate change

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