For Girls Only? Conditioning the Mediated Relationship between Depression, Cognitive Impulsivity, and Delinquency on Sex

Walters, Glenn D.; Kremser, Jonathan; Runell, Lindsey

doi:10.1080/07418825.2022.2092766

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Either there were an insufficient number of data waves to evaluate all four variables simultaneously, or a reasonable measure of one or more key variables was unavailable. Hence, the present study disclosed that a social context variable (parental support) preceded an internal perceptual variable (perceived parental support competence), whereas previous studies have shown that perception precedes belief (Walters et al, 2022) and affect precedes cognition (Walters, 2020a). Thus, while all of the relations proposed in the three rules ("affect before cognition," "perception before belief," "social context before affect/perception") have been verified, the full four-variable model has yet to be tested.…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationscontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…The social cognitive model tested in this and the two previous studies (Walters, 2020a;Walters et al, 2022) proposes a four-variable sequence starting with a social context variable, followed by two mediator variables, either perception followed by belief or affect followed by cognition, and ending with a behavioral outcome like crime or delinquency. In none of these studies, including the current one, was the full four-variable sequence evaluated.…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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From Context to Perception to Behavior: Predicting Delinquency With the Parental Support-Perceived Parental Competence Cross-Lag

Walters

2022

Youth & Society

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The goal of this study was to determine the significance of variable order when it comes to using child and parent reports of parental support to predict delinquency. It was hypothesized that a social context variable (parental support as rated by the parent) would precede a perceptual variable (perceived parental support competence as rated by the child) in predicting delinquency, but a perceptual variable preceding social context would not. This hypothesis, based, in part, on social cognitive theory, was tested in a sample of 3,490 adolescent Australian youth (1,742 boys, 1,690 girls) using a three-wave path analysis. As predicted, the parental support to perceived parental support competence sequence led to delinquency, but the perceived parental support competence to parental support sequence was non-significant. These results indicate that a social context variable is capable of affecting behavior indirectly, in this case, by shaping the affected child’s perception of the social context.

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Section: Theoretical Implicationscontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

From Context to Perception to Behavior: Predicting Delinquency With the Parental Support-Perceived Parental Competence Cross-Lag

Walters

2022

Youth & Society

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“…It also supports aspects of ITD (Paternoster & Bushway, 2009) to the extent that cognitive variables such as identity appear to serve as linking mechanisms in the desistance process. That said, the rule that perception precedes belief is not found in either age-graded theory or ITD, though it has now received support in three different studies using three different samples of participants (in addition to the present study, see Walters, 2016;Walters et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Like the social context rule in which social context precedes perception/belief/outcome, the general flow of the developmental process over longer periods of time typically runs from perception to belief. In a study using a sample different from the one used in the Walters’ (2022a) investigation, Walters et al (2022) determined that child-perceived parental competence heralded changes in neutralization and cognitive impulsivity that, in turn, predicted youth delinquency. In contrast, neutralization and cognitive impulsivity followed by child-perceived parental competence failed to predict youth delinquency.…”

Section: Desistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Counseling services leading to desistance by way of a change in certainty perceptions and cognitive agency beliefs.

Walters¹

2023

Law and Human Behavior

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether receiving counseling services reduced future offending in a group of seriously delinquent youths through a process of chaining. In this process, a youth’s perceived certainty of punishment and an increase in their cognitive agency or control mediated the services–offending relationship. Hypothesis: The main hypothesis was that where perceptions of certainty preceded cognitive agency beliefs (perceived certainty → cognitive agency), the (target) pathway would be significant, and where cognitive agency beliefs preceded perceptions of certainty (cognitive agency → perceived certainty), the (comparison) pathway would be nonsignificant. The difference between the target and comparison pathways was also predicted to be significant. Method: This study modeled change in 1,354 (1,170 boys, 184 girls) justice-involved youths from the Pathways to Desistance study. The number of counseling services accessed by a participant within 6 months of the baseline (Wave 1) interview served as the independent variable, and self-reported offending 12–18 months later (Wave 4) served as the dependent variable. Perceived certainty of punishment and cognitive agency were cross-lagged at Waves 2 and 3 and served as mediators. Results: Consistent with the research hypothesis, results showed that the total indirect effect from services to delinquency through perceived certainty and cognitive agency was significant, the total indirect effect from services to cognitive agency to perceived certainty was nonsignificant, and the difference between the two effects was significant. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that turning points do not have to be major life events to bring about desistance and that chaining in which perceptions of certainty precede cognitive agency beliefs may play a vital role in the change process.

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For Girls Only? Conditioning the Mediated Relationship between Depression, Cognitive Impulsivity, and Delinquency on Sex

Cited by 2 publications

References 51 publications

From Context to Perception to Behavior: Predicting Delinquency With the Parental Support-Perceived Parental Competence Cross-Lag

From Context to Perception to Behavior: Predicting Delinquency With the Parental Support-Perceived Parental Competence Cross-Lag

Counseling services leading to desistance by way of a change in certainty perceptions and cognitive agency beliefs.

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