Footwear for cold weather conditions

Thermo-Physiological Comfort Property of Military Combat Boot Material for Hot and Cold Climatic Conditions

“…From Table 8, it shows that the upper component of hot military combat boots has an average of 14.15 ± 0.52, 5.37 ± 2.01, 1.59 ± 0.62, and 0.87 ± 0.04 air permeability, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, and thermal resistance, respectively, whereas cold-weather military combat boots have a mean of 0.21 ± 0.08, 0.094 ± 0.02, 0.083 ± 0.03, and 9.61 ± 0.95 air permeability, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, and thermal resistance, respectively. Hot military combat boots have higher air permeability, water vapor permeability, and thermal conductivity with low thermal resistance, which indicates that they enable breathability, moisture-wicking, and airfow to prevent heatrelated injuries, evaporate quickly, and provide the necessary protection and support for soldiers to perform their duties efectively [4]. Cold-weather military combat boots show higher thermal resistance and low air permeability, water vapor permeability, and thermal conductivity; this reveals that they provide insulation and cold resistance to warmth to the feet of military personnel and protect against frostbite, hypothermia, and other cold-weather injuries while providing support and comfort for the feet during extended periods of use [28].…”

“…Termal insulation indicates the material's ability to resist heat fow and is measured by thermal conductivity or insulation values. Low-conductivity materials better retain body heat in the shoe microclimate during cold exposure [4]. Moisture vapor permeability quantifes air and water vapor fow through the material.…”

“…Cold combat boots can be developed from leather, rubber, and synthetic fber, while hot combat boots can be developed from textile upper materials, foam, mesh, and breathable materials. EVA foam, gel inserts, and cushioning materials can ofer support, while Kevlar, steel, and reinforced materials can ofer protection [4]. Manufacturers can produce combat boots that satisfy the requirements of military personnel in diverse circumstances and settings by combining these materials.…”

“…Analyzing the thermo-physiological comfort indices of raw materials used in military combat boots for hot and cold climates is the primary research objective of this study [8]. Hot climate combat boots are fabricated from thermally conductive, vapor-permeable, and breathable upper and lining materials [4]. Military combat boots are equipped with a pressure release valve that can be adjusted to regulate internal air pressure during high-altitude operations.…”

Numerical study of thermal comfort and energy efficiency about electrically heated footwear under a cold environment

“…Electrically heated footwear (EHF) was initially developed in 1964 (Goldman, 1964). However, the development was restricted due to the inadequate portability of heating devices (Kuklane and Kaced, 2021). Thanks to the miniaturization and lightweight nature of electric heating elements and power supplies, EHF has become more convenient for daily use.…”