Footprint of Tropical Cyclone Cold Wakes on Top‐of‐Atmosphere Radiation

Zhang, Jishi; Wang, Danyang; Ma, Zhanhong

doi:10.1029/2021gl094705

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…However, unlike the change of ILD, MLD becomes shallower on the left side of the TC path (Figure 6B) due to the precipitation caused by TC. The input of a large amount of freshwater makes the salinity of the upper ocean desalinate, the density decreases correspondingly, and the stability of the upper ocean increases (Fu et al, 2014;Steffen and Bourassa, 2018;Zhang et al, 2021). This explains why the maximum value of the BLT anomaly appears on the left side of the TC path.…”

Section: Statistical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of tropical cyclones on characteristics of barrier layer thickness

Zhang

Fei

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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The impact of tropical cyclones on the characteristics of barrier layer (BL) thickness is investigated in this study in combination with observations and numerical simulations. Statistical results based on Simple Ocean Data Assimilation reanalysis (SODA) data and Argo float measurements reveal a significant effect of TCs on the BL characteristics. The BL thickness increases remarkably with the TC approaching, reaches its maximum 1–5 days after the TC passage, and recovers to its pre-storm state within 30 days on average. The peak increase in BL thickness is slightly rightward biased relative to the TC track, reaching ∼1.31 m (26.93%) relative to the pre-storm state as revealed by SODA data. The changes in BL thickness show a strong correlation with TC characteristics in terms of intensity and translation speed, tending to be more significant with more intense or slower-moving TCs. The thickening of the isothermal layer on the right of TC tracks and shallowing of the mixed layer act together to determine the BL development. The three-dimensional Price–Weller–Pinkel (3DPWP) ocean model is applied to explore the influence of precipitation on BL thickness. The results show that the precipitation tends to decrease the mixed layer depth while the vertical mixing of TCs deepens the isothermal layer depth, both of which act together to increase the BL thickness.

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Section: Statistical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of tropical cyclones on characteristics of barrier layer thickness

Zhang

Fei

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…Ma et al (2020) find that the cold wake of tropical cyclones induces a secondary circulation with effects on clouds and rainfall through the PA mechanism (Pasquero et al, 2021). Then, such an atmospheric response has a non-negligible impact on the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) radiation budget (Zhang et al, 2021). In particular, both the TOA downward short-wave flux and the TOA upward long-wave flux increase over the cold wakes of tropical cyclones, with a net TOA warming (cooling) during the day (night) of about 2 W m −2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Fast Atmospheric Response to a Cold Oceanic Mesoscale Patch in the North‐Western Tropical Atlantic

et al. 2022

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Low clouds over tropical oceans have a cooling impact on the Earth's radiation budget. They strongly reflect the incoming solar radiation (high albedo) and slightly reduce the terrestrial emission (Scott et al., 2020). They also impact the temperature and moisture of the marine boundary layer (Bretherton et al., 2013) and are crucial in modulating the air-sea interactions that influence the sea surface temperature (SST) patterns (Yuan et al., 2018). Stratocumulus clouds prevail where free tropospheric subsidence reinforces the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) stability, while shallow cumuliform clouds develop where subsidence and ABL inversion are weaker, typically over warmer surfaces with a deeper ABL (Mieslinger et al., 2019). Bony and Dufresne (2005) identify such clouds as the largest source of uncertainty in climate model predictions. Most climate models cannot realistically simulate low cloud processes and strongly diverge in the feedback to global warming (Zelinka et al., 2020). Recent observational studies show that in response to surface warming,

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“…The sharpened subsurface vertical global temperature profile may contribute to a stronger ocean coupling (cooling) effect during the intensification of future TCs (Huang et al 2015). After the TC, the TC-induced cold wake modulates local clouds and rainfall (Ma et al 2020;Pasquero et al 2021) and increases shortwave and longwave radiation (Zhang et al 2021b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Upper Ocean Vertical Temperature Structure and Heat Content by a Fast-Moving Tropical Cyclone

Zhang

2023

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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The ocean temperature response to tropical cyclones (TCs) is important for TC development, local air-sea interactions and the global air-sea heat budget and transport. The modulation of the upper ocean vertical temperature structure after a fast-moving TC was studied at the observation stations in the northern South China Sea, including TC Kalmaegi (2014), Rammasun (2014), Sarika (2016) and Haima (2016). The upper ocean temperature and heat response to the TCs mainly depended on the combined effect of mixing and vertical advection. Mixing cooled the sea surface and warmed the subsurface, while upwelling (downwelling) reduced (increased) the subsurface warm anomaly and cooled (warmed) the deeper ocean. An ideal parameterization that depends on only the nondimensional mixing depth (HE) and upwelling depth (HU) were able to roughly reproduce sea surface temperature (SST) and upper ocean heat change. After TCs, the subsurface heat anomalies moved into the deeper ocean. The air-sea surface heat flux contributed little to the upper ocean temperature anomaly during the TC forcing stage and did not recover the surface ocean back to pre-TC conditions more than one and a half months after the TC. This work shows how upper ocean temperature and heat content varies by a TC, indicating that TC-induced mixing modulates the warm surface water into the subsurface, and TC-induced advection further modulates the warm water into the deeper ocean and influences the ocean heat budget.

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Footprint of Tropical Cyclone Cold Wakes on Top‐of‐Atmosphere Radiation

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

The effects of tropical cyclones on characteristics of barrier layer thickness

The effects of tropical cyclones on characteristics of barrier layer thickness

Fast Atmospheric Response to a Cold Oceanic Mesoscale Patch in the North‐Western Tropical Atlantic

Modulation of Upper Ocean Vertical Temperature Structure and Heat Content by a Fast-Moving Tropical Cyclone

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