Foot Disorders, Foot Posture, and Foot Function: The Framingham Foot Study

Abstract

IntroductionFoot disorders are common among older adults and may lead to outcomes such as falls and functional limitation. However, the associations of foot posture and foot function to specific foot disorders at the population level remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the relation between specific foot disorders, foot posture, and foot function.MethodsParticipants were from the population-based Framingham Foot Study. Quintiles of the modified arch index and center of pressure excursion index from plantar pressure scans were used to create foot posture and function subgroups. Adjusted odds ratios of having each specific disorder were calculated for foot posture and function subgroups relative to a referent 3 quintiles.ResultsPes planus foot posture was associated with increased odds of hammer toes and overlapping toes. Cavus foot posture was not associated with the foot disorders evaluated. Odds of having hallux valgus and overlapping toes were significantly increased in those with pronated foot function, while odds of hallux valgus and hallux rigidus were significantly decreased in those with supinated function.ConclusionsFoot posture and foot function were associated with the presence of specific foot disorders.

Impact of Concurrent Foot Pain on Health and Functional Status in People with Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative

“…Specifically, a more pronated, less mobile foot type has been reported in those with medial knee OA (20, 37, 38), and this finding has also been associated with a number of painful musculoskeletal foot conditions (15-18). Through this mechanism, foot pain due to excessive pronation or other biomechanical factors may occur following, in concert with, or prior to knee OA-related pain.…”

Ultrasound evaluation of intrinsic plantar muscles and fascia in hallux valgus

“…[11–13] Regarding the foot and forefoot region, other specific exclusion criteria included prior medical diagnosis of plantar orthoses use, pes planus and cavus, hallux rigidus, plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, Morton neuroma, Sever disease, tarsal tunnel syndrome, or tibial nerve entrapment. [5,11–14] Considering the anatomical area from the low back to the leg, degeneration or inflammation of the tibial periosteum, meniscopathy, sprains, Baker cysts, bursitis, sciatic nerve entrapments or piriformis syndrome, labral impingement syndrome, or sacroiliac joint dysfunction were also excluded. [5,11,12,14–20] Furthermore, exercise practice for less than 1 or more than 3 hours per week or high-intensity exercise was excluded due to lower limbs CSA modifications could be produced.…”

“…[5,11–14] Considering the anatomical area from the low back to the leg, degeneration or inflammation of the tibial periosteum, meniscopathy, sprains, Baker cysts, bursitis, sciatic nerve entrapments or piriformis syndrome, labral impingement syndrome, or sacroiliac joint dysfunction were also excluded. [5,11,12,14–20] Furthermore, exercise practice for less than 1 or more than 3 hours per week or high-intensity exercise was excluded due to lower limbs CSA modifications could be produced. [21] …”

“…[5] Therefore, this condition modifies foot loading and pressure patterns. [6] The severity of the radiographic first metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis increases with the prevalence of HV, among other demographic and clinical factors.…”

Genome-wide association meta-analyses to identify common genetic variants associated with hallux valgus in Caucasian and African Americans

“…In JoCo OA and GOGO studies, participants stood on a laminated foot mat with an illustration of two lines drawn at a 15° angle. In all three cohorts, HV was considered present if the examiner determined that the lateral deviation of the hallux with respect to the first metatarsal was 15° or more 25. HV was considered absent if this criterion was not met.…”