Foot deformations under different load-bearing conditions and their relationships to stature and body weight

Abstract

Footwear comfort is primarily determined by the fit between the foot and the shoe. Foot deformations that cannot be accommodated by the flexibility of the material of the shoe upper have to be dealt with by other adaptive means. The major purpose of this study was to determine foot deformations using nine foot dimensions-foot length, arch length, foot width, midfoot width, heel width, midfoot height, medial malleolus height of the most protruding point, lateral malleolus height of the most protruding point and ball girth-as well as the eversion/inversion of the foot while bearing weight. Each foot of 30 Hong Kong Chinese adults (15 males and 15 females) was laser scanned under the conditions of no body-weight (NWB), half body-weight (HWB) and full body-weight (FWB). The nine dimensions and foot rotation were determined with a computer program. The results show that the foot became significantly longer, wider, and reduced in height while everting with increased loading on the foot. The midfoot had relatively large changes in width and height when compared to the forefoot and rearfoot. Even though there were no obvious patterns between the left and right foot for both males and females, considerable differences did exist between the two feet of a few participants. Foot length as a percentage of stature changed from 14.94% to 15.10% to 15.13% in males as the load on the foot increased from NWB to HWB to FWB, respectively. These percentages were 14.56%, 14.72%, and 14.77% for females. Even though foot width was significantly correlated with the body weight of males, no such relationship exists in Hong Kong females.

Is retail footwear fit for purpose for the feet of adults who are obese?

“…This may require the wearers to select a larger shoe size (and therefore length) to accommodate their extra foot width and, since the inclusion criteria was use of a size EU 43 shoe, this would explain the comparatively shorter feet in the obese group. This is consistent with work which identified a strong correlation between body mass and foot width (r = 0.782, p < .05; Xiong et al, 2009). Additionally it has been demonstrated that when weight bearing the foot width increases more than foot length (Xiong et al, 2009).…”

“…This is consistent with work which identified a strong correlation between body mass and foot width (r = 0.782, p < .05; Xiong et al, 2009). Additionally it has been demonstrated that when weight bearing the foot width increases more than foot length (Xiong et al, 2009). …”

Effects of surface characteristics on the plantar shape of feet and subjects’ perceived sensations

“…Foot shape variations exist between genders. Men have longer and wider feet compared to women when the foot length and width are normalized with respect to stature (Wunderlich and Cavanagh, 2000;Ashizawa et al, 1997;Xiong and Goonetilleke, 2007).…”

The effect of foot type on the foot morphology and plantar pressure distributions of obese children

“…The par# cipant was under the weight-bearing condi# on of half body-weight (HWB) [15], and the external shape of each foot was laser scanned respec# vely and captured by eight cameras. In the HWB condi# on, the par# cipant was in a balance standing posture with barefoot and eyes focused straight ahead for equal loads on both foot.…”