Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotypes O and A from Outbreaks in Pakistan 2011–2012

Stenfeldt, Carolina; Bertram, Miranda R.; Holinka-Patterson, Lauren; Fish, Ian; Farooq, Umer; Ahmed, Zaheer; Hartwig, E. E.; Smoliga, George R.; Naeem, Khalid; Rodrı́guez, Luis L.; Arzt, Jonathan

doi:10.1128/mra.00574-22

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…In another serotype of FMDV from Pakistan, P1 region of polyprotein is most divergent which is being used in identi cation and differentiation of FMDV serotypes, while in current study variants were more clustered in P1 region along with P2 and P3 (Naqvi et al, 2022). Moreover, outbreak of new strain FMDV Serotype O/ME-SA/India2001 e have been reported in multiple regions of Punjab-Pakistan and our study provides plate form for novel emerging variant analysis through variant calling (Stenfeldt et al, 2022;Hicks et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Whole-Genome Variants Discovery of FMD Virus Isolated from Cattle Population in Pakistan

Munir

Anjum

Altaf

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is extremely contagious and multispecies that has a severe impact on animal trade across the borders. FMD virus may cause epidemics resulting in devastation of livestock industry so, it’s worthy to explore the genomic architecture of virus to harness the mortality and morbidity particularly in cattle from Pakistan. Epithelial scrapping samples of sick animals were taken from Punjab, Pakistan and cDNA of virus was sequenced through short-read NGS Illumina technology followed by variant calling analysis to reveal how novel variants give rise to new lineage in the region for a comprehensive insight of its genomic landscape. Haplotype-based variant discovery was performed by Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK4) with Mutect2 using Pan Asia-II as reference genome. A total of 708 variants including 642 SNPs, 38 MNPs and 28 INDELs were observed. Furthermore, whole genome annotation revealed high, low, moderate and modifier impact variants count as 10(1.28%), 514(66.15%), 115(14.80%) and 138(17.76%) respectively which are distributed in VP3, 2C, 3B and 3D proteins of FMDV. Similarly, transitions-to-transversions ratio (3.75) and missense-to-silent ratio (0.1634) across the whole genome with 639 exonic, 3 downstream, 69 intergenic and 66 upstream effects were also identified. Whereas, high impact-frame shift mutations were concentrated in 5000-7000 nucleotide positions of the genome. A worth-mentioning deletion mutation of 75bp at 5276 position harbor 2C protein. The current whole genome variant discovery of FMDV will add new insight to understand the micro-evolution, speedy emergence of strains, mutation associated disease-severity and it’s lineage to prevent the prevalence of this catastrophe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Whole-Genome Variants Discovery of FMD Virus Isolated from Cattle Population in Pakistan

Munir

Anjum

Altaf

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…[ 22 ], and Stenfeldt et al . [ 25 ] in Pakistan have reported serotype O as the most prevalent FMDV serotype in the country. To prevent the outbreak of FMD in livestock, the vaccine used in the study area should be tested for its efficacy against this serotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation of foot-and-mouth disease serotypes, risk factors, and their effect on hematological and biochemical profiles among cattle and buffalo in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan

Khan,

Sheikh,

Ullah

et al. 2024

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, including buffalo, cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs, causing major economic losses to the local farmers and, overall, to the national economy of the country. This study aimed to detect FMDV serotypes in year-round FMD outbreaks, hematological and biochemical changes, and oxidative stress in FMDV-infected cattle and buffaloes in the district of Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan, and the socioeconomic impact of FMD outbreaks on farmers. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the district of Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan, where FMD virus (FMDV) serotypes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematological, biochemical, and oxidative analyses were performed by analyzing the blood of FMDV-infected and non-infected animals. Information on the associated risk factors was obtained through a structured questionnaire by interviewing farmers in each FMD-affected farm. Results: Thirty-four out of 38 farms (89%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 75%–97%) were positive for FMD by ELISA. Higher FMD infection was detected in farms with a herd size of <50 animals (50%, 17/34), followed by >100 animals (32%, 11/34) and 51–100 animals (18%, 6/34). Fifty-seven percent (114/200, 95% CI: 50%-64%) of animals were positive for FMD. Of these, 61% (69/114) were cattle and 39% (45/114) were buffalo. FMD positivity was higher in females (86%, 98/114) than in males (14%, 16/114) and higher in animals older than 2 years of age (52%, 59/114). On average, farmers lose U.S. dollars 3000 annually due to FMD outbreaks. Animals infected with FMDV had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) white blood cell counts and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower hemoglobin and total protein concentrations in buffalo and cattle, whereas infected cattle showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower albumin levels. Globulin levels were lower in buffaloes infected. Alanine aminotransferase levels were lower in infected cattle (p ≤ 0.05). Creatinine levels were higher in infected buffalo (p ≤ 0.05). Urea and phosphorus concentrations were higher in FMDV-infected cattle and buffalo (p ≤ 0.05). Calcium levels were lower in infected cattle and buffalo (p ≤ 0.05). Catalase enzyme activity in infected cattle and buffaloes was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in FMDV-infected cattle and buffalo (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: This study confirmed serotype O circulation among cattle and buffalo in year-long FMD outbreaks in the Quetta District of Balochistan. Blood analysis identified a parameter deviated from the normal level due to FMDV infection. In addition, the outbreak of FMD has a significant negative economic impact on livestock farmers. Keywords: buffalo, cattle, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, foot-and-mouth disease, Quetta, serotype.

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Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotypes O and A from Outbreaks in Pakistan 2011–2012

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Whole-Genome Variants Discovery of FMD Virus Isolated from Cattle Population in Pakistan

Whole-Genome Variants Discovery of FMD Virus Isolated from Cattle Population in Pakistan

Circulation of foot-and-mouth disease serotypes, risk factors, and their effect on hematological and biochemical profiles among cattle and buffalo in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan

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