Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O/CATHAY Genome Sequences from Five Outbreaks in Vietnam, 2017 to 2019

Vierra, David A.; Bertram, Miranda R.; Palinski, Rachel; Pauszek, Steven J.; Hartwig, E. E.; Smoliga, George R.; Vu, Le T.; Hoang, Bui H.; Phượng, Nguyễn Thị Kim; Hung, Vo Van; Vu, Pham P.; Dung, Nguyen K.; Tiến, Nguyễn Ngọc; Dong, Pham V.; Dung, Do H.; Arzt, Jonathan

doi:10.1128/mra.01315-19

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The majority of FMD outbreaks in Hong Kong are caused by Cathay viruses, especially since 2013 ( Table 1 ), although SEA/Mya-98 outbreaks were reported in 2010–2011 [ 8 , 12 ]. To the best of our knowledge, no in-depth studies have been carried out to characterize these viruses antigenically, although there are some reports on the genetic characterization of some isolates [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Therefore, a total of 17 Cathay viruses spanning a period of six years (2013–2018), with all from Hong Kong, were employed in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Basis of Antigenic Drift in Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses (2013–2018) from Southeast Asia

Upadhyaya

Mahapatra

Mioulet

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals with serious economic consequences. FMD is endemic in Southeast Asia (SEA) and East Asia (EA) with the circulation of multiple serotypes, posing a threat to Australia and other FMD-free countries. Although vaccination is one of the most important control measures to prevent FMD outbreaks, the available vaccines may not be able to provide enough cross-protection against the FMD viruses (FMDVs) circulating in these countries due to the incursion of new lineages and sub-lineages as experienced in South Korea during 2010, a FMD-free country, when a new lineage of serotype O FMDV (Mya-98) spread to the country, resulting in devastating economic consequences. In this study, a total of 62 serotype O (2013–2018) viruses selected from SEA and EA countries were antigenically characterized by virus neutralization tests using three existing (O/HKN/6/83, O/IND/R2/75 and O/PanAsia-2) and one putative (O/MYA/2009) vaccine strains and full capsid sequencing. The Capsid sequence analysis revealed three topotypes, Cathay, SEA and Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA) of FMDVs circulating in the region. The vaccines used in this study showed a good match with the SEA and ME-SA viruses. However, none of the recently circulating Cathay topotype viruses were protected by any of the vaccine strains, including the existing Cathay topotype vaccine (O/HKN/6/83), indicating an antigenic drift and, also the urgency to monitor this topotype in the region and develop a new vaccine strain if necessary, although currently the presence of this topotype is mainly restricted to China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Vietnam. Further, the capsid sequences of these viruses were analyzed that identified several capsid amino acid substitutions involving neutralizing antigenic sites 1, 2 and 5, which either individually or together could underpin the observed antigenic drift.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Basis of Antigenic Drift in Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses (2013–2018) from Southeast Asia

Upadhyaya

Mahapatra

Mioulet

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Although the FMD vaccination policy was implemented across South Korea, FMD outbreaks of serotype O have occurred almost every year since 2014. Additionally, a novel Cathay topotype of serotype O has been reported in neighboring countries [5,15]. The Cathay virus is not known to be matched with the present vaccines [7,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…More recently, the ME-SA/Ind-2001 originating from India spread to North Africa, the Middle East, SEA, and the Far East between 2013 and 2017 [4]. The O/Cathay, characterized by a deletion within its 3A region, was identified in 2001 [5]. This topotype is currently endemic in SEA; thus, it has the potential to be introduced into South Korea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale-Up Production of Type O and A Foot-and-Mouth Disease Bivalent Vaccine and Its Protective Efficacy in Pigs

Park

Lee²,

Kim

et al. 2021

Vaccines

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South Korea has experienced FMD outbreaks almost every year since 2014. Therefore, a novel local vaccine that can cover various topotypes of viruses is required. Two virus strains, O/Boeun/SKR/2017 and A/Yeoncheon/SKR/2017, were cultured up to the pilot scale based on the optimized conditions set up on the flask scale. FMDV particles (146S) of 2 µg/mL or more were obtained from the virus culture supernatant using a 100 L bioreactor. The viruses were fully inactivated using binary ethylenimine within 16 h through two inactivation cycles and mixed with an adjuvant into a bivalent vaccine (types O and A) consisting of 15 µg viruses per strain. The experimental bivalent vaccine showed a broad spectrum of high neutralizing antibody titers against heterologous viruses, including type O Cathay strain and type A Asia topotypes, except for GVII. The 50% protective dose was determined as 12.5 for O/Boeun/SKR/2017 and 15.6 for A/Yeoncheon/SKR/2017. Collectively, we expect that the bivalent vaccine could protect against FMDV types O and A circulating in South Korea and neighboring countries. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that the vaccine strains could be successfully scaled-up to a 100 L bioreactor, with the determination of its protective efficacy in pigs.

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Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O/CATHAY Genome Sequences from Five Outbreaks in Vietnam, 2017 to 2019

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Molecular Basis of Antigenic Drift in Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses (2013–2018) from Southeast Asia

Molecular Basis of Antigenic Drift in Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses (2013–2018) from Southeast Asia

Scale-Up Production of Type O and A Foot-and-Mouth Disease Bivalent Vaccine and Its Protective Efficacy in Pigs

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