Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype A in Egypt

Knowles, Nick J.; Wadsworth, Jemma; Reid, Scott M.; Swabey, Katherine G; El-Kholy, Alaa A.; El-Rahman, Adel Omar Abd; Soliman, Hatem; Ebert, Katja; Ferris, N.P.; Hutchings, G.; Statham, R.J.; King, Donald P.; Paton, David

doi:10.3201/eid1310.070252

Cited by 77 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…If the latter, this situation may not be particular to SAT 2: a new serotype A virus with a probable origin in sub-Saharan Africa was also discovered in Egypt in 2012 (), although whether this was a genuinely new introduction in the very recent past seems an open question, given the fairly frequent occurrence of serotype A in the country (27, 28). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing Geographical Movements and Host Species Transitions of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype SAT 2

Hall

Knowles

Wadsworth

et al. 2013

mBio

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Of the three foot-and-mouth-disease virus SAT serotypes mainly confined to sub-Saharan Africa, SAT 2 is the strain most often recorded in domestic animals and has caused outbreaks in North Africa and the Middle East six times in the last 25 years, with three apparently separate events occurring in 2012. This study updates the picture of SAT 2 phylogenetics by using all available sequences for the VP1 section of the genome available at the time of writing and uses phylogeographic methods to trace the origin of all outbreaks occurring north of the Sahara since 1990 and identify patterns of spread among countries of endemicity. Transitions between different host species are also enumerated. Outbreaks in North Africa appear to have origins in countries immediately south of the Sahara, whereas those in the Middle East are more often from East Africa. The results of the analysis of spread within sub-Saharan Africa are consistent with it being driven by relatively short-distance movements of animals across national borders, and the analysis of host species transitions supports the role of the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) as an important natural reservoir.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing Geographical Movements and Host Species Transitions of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype SAT 2

Hall

Knowles

Wadsworth

et al. 2013

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“…There is always a fear of introducing FMDV into a FMDV-free country or a new serotype into a FMDV-endemic country. For example serotype O was endemic in Egypt since 1960 [5], and in 2006, type A was introduced and caused a FMD outbreak [6]. Recently, SAT 2 was the primary cause of a FMD epidemic in Egypt which erupted in February 2012 and led to 82362 suspected cases, of which 19655 died [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Portable Reverse Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

et al. 2013

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a trans-boundary viral disease of livestock, which causes huge economic losses and constitutes a serious infectious threat for livestock farming worldwide. Early diagnosis of FMD helps to diminish its impact by adequate outbreak management. In this study, we describe the development of a real-time reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay for the detection of FMD virus (FMDV). The FMDV RT-RPA design targeted the 3D gene of FMDV and a 260 nt molecular RNA standard was used for assay validation. The RT-RPA assay was fast (4–10 minutes) and the analytical sensitivity was determined at 1436 RNA molecules detected by probit regression analysis. The FMDV RT-RPA assay detected RNA prepared from all seven FMDV serotypes but did not detect classical swine fever virus or swine vesicular disease virus. The FMDV RT-RPA assay was used in the field during the recent FMD outbreak in Egypt. In clinical samples, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RT-RPA showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and 98%, respectively. In conclusion, FMDV RT-RPA was quicker and much easier to handle in the field than real-time RT-PCR. Thus RT-RPA could be easily implemented to perform diagnostics at quarantine stations or farms for rapid spot-of-infection detection.

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“…Consequently, it has been demonstrated that certain serotype A viruses, which have circulated in the Horn of Africa, have been able to spread as far as Egypt in North Africa and Kenya in East Africa through animal trade (Knowles et al, 2007). The VP1 protein also contains important antigenic sites and an arg-gly-asp (RGD) motif that binds to certain integrin receptors on the host cell surface and is part of a larger sequence (RGDLXXL) that is conserved for effective interaction of the virus with the host cell (Sobrino et al, 2001;Jackson et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of serotype A foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Kenya from 1964 to 2013; implications for control strategies in eastern Africa

Wekesa

Sangula²,

Belsham

et al. 2014

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Serotype A is the most genetically and antigenically diverse of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes. Records of its occurrence in Kenya date back to 1952 and the antigenic diversity of the outbreak viruses in this region is reflected by the current use of two different vaccine strains (K5/1980 and K35/1980) and previous use of two other strains (K18/66 and K179/71). This study aimed at enhancing the understanding of the patterns of genetic variation of serotype A FMDV in Kenya. The complete VP1 coding region sequences of 38 field isolates, identified as serotype A FMDV, collected between 1964 and 2013 were determined. Coalescent-based methods were used to infer times of divergence of the virus strains and the evolutionary rates alongside 27 other serotype A FMDV sequences from Genbank and the World Reference Laboratory (WRL). This study represents the first comprehensive genetic analysis of serotype A FMDVs from Kenya. The study detected four previously defined genotypes/clusters (termed G-I, G-III, G-VII and G-VIII), within the Africa topotype, together with a fifth lineage that has apparently emerged from within G-I; these different lineages have each had a countrywide distribution. Genotypes G-III and G-VIII that were first isolated in 1964 are now apparently extinct; G-VII was last recorded in 2005, while G-I (including the new lineage) is currently in widespread circulation. High genetic diversity, widespread distribution and transboundary spread of serotype A FMDVs across the region of eastern Africa was apparent. Continuous surveillance for the virus, coupled to genetic and antigenic characterization is recommended for improved regional control strategies.Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA); Livestock-Wildlife Diseases in East Africa Project (LWDEA); Trans-boundary Animal Diseases in East Africa (TADEA) project: (DFC no. 10-006KU)

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Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype A in Egypt

Cited by 77 publications

References 10 publications

Reconstructing Geographical Movements and Host Species Transitions of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype SAT 2

Reconstructing Geographical Movements and Host Species Transitions of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype SAT 2

A Portable Reverse Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Genetic diversity of serotype A foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Kenya from 1964 to 2013; implications for control strategies in eastern Africa

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