Foot and mouth disease prevalence in cattle and buffaloes from India determined by systematic review and meta-analysis

Krishnamoorth, P; KARTHIKA, N; Sangeetha, T.R.; SURESH, K P; Sridevi, R.; Shome, Bibek R.

doi:10.56093/ijans.v92i6.121287

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…Although some are benign or low pathogenic, others can cause a wide range of symptoms and even death. A range of prevalence of the piroplasmids in different animals was recorded worldwide [reviewed by 4,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

18S rRNA Gene-Based Piroplasmid PCR: An Assay for Rapid and Precise Molecular Screening of Theileria and Babesia Species in Animals

et al. 2022

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PurposeThe parasites of genera such as Babesia and Theileria are called piroplasmids due to the pear-shaped morphology of the multiplying parasite stages in the blood of the vertebrate host. Because of the enormous number of parasite species and the challenges of multiplex PCR, initial screening of samples using piroplasmid-specific PCR may be a more cost-effective and efficient technique to identify parasite species, especially during epidemiological studies. Accordingly, 18S rRNA PCR was standardized and optimized on common piroplasmids of different animals like cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, dogs, horses, and leopards. Methods Bloods samples from 1250 animals were collected from different animals in Junagadh district of Gujarat, India. 18S rRNA PCR was standardized and optimized as a primary method for molecular screening of piroplasms in domestic and wild animals. The method was checked for its analytical sensitivity and specificity. Parasite species-specific PCR and sequencing was used to validate the test. Moreover, in-silico restriction enzyme (RE) analysis was also done to assess its applicability in PCR-RFLP. Results Piroplasm infections were recorded in 63.3% of animals in Junagadh. The 18S rRNA PCR detected the piroplasmid DNA in as low as 39 picograms (pg) of whole blood genomic DNA isolated from microscopically Theileria positive blood samples and no reactivity was recorded from common but unrelated haemoparasites viz., Trypanosoma evansi, Hepatozoon spp., Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia canis was observed. The 18S rRNA PCR assay findings were confirmed by speciesspecific PCR and sequencing. Analysis of different sequences generated using 18S rRNA PCR revealed that the amplicon size of Babesia spp. is nearly 400 bp (393-408 bp) whereas Theileria spp. were more than 400 bp (418-424 bp). The percentage of sequence divergence among Babesia and Theileria spp. was 7.3-12.2% and 0.7-12.2%, respectively. In-silico restriction enzyme (RE) analysis reveals the presence of at least one site for a commercially available RE in 18S rRNA fragments of every parasite, which can differentiate it from its congeners. Conclusions The presented universal oligonucleotide-based PCR assay provides a highly sensitive, specific, cost-effective, and rapid diagnostic tool for the initial screening of piroplasmids infecting domestic and wild animals and is potentially helpful for large-scale epidemiological studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

18S rRNA Gene-Based Piroplasmid PCR: An Assay for Rapid and Precise Molecular Screening of Theileria and Babesia Species in Animals

et al. 2022

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Dairy cattle and buffaloes harbouring gastrointestinal parasites in various zones and climatic regions established by scientometrics

Krishnamoorthy,

Lakshmi,

Jacob

et al. 2024

Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports

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Meta-analysis of prevalence and associated risk factors for lameness in dairy cattle across tropical Asian nations

Patoliya,

Kataktalware,

Sivaram

et al. 2024

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Context Lameness in dairy cattle affects the health, welfare, performance, and profitability of dairy farms. Being multifactorial in nature, several animal and farm-level risk factors influence the severity and prevalence of lameness. Aims The objective of the present meta-analysis study was to provide a pooled estimate of the prevalence and identification of the potential risk factors associated with lameness in dairy cattle across tropical Asian countries. Methods A literature search reporting prevalence data for lameness in dairy cattle of tropical Asian countries including India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Malaysia, Nepal and Thailand for the past 21 years (2000–2021) was collected by using appropriate keywords from the electronic databases. After removing outlier studies, a meta-analysis of 38 studies published in English was performed under a random-effects model by using the meta package (metaprop function) in R software. Key results The pooled estimate of the overall prevalence of lameness was 15.13% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 13.01, 17.53). High heterogeneity was found in the prevalence estimates among the published studies (P < 0.05). The pooled prevalence for lameness-related lesions was, for overgrown hooves 34.42% (95% CI = 23.41, 47.42), interdigital 28 hyperplasia 9.73% (95% CI = 5.84, 15.78), white line disease 6.91% (95% CI = 3.54, 13.05) and sole ulcer 6.84% (95% CI = 3.87, 11.83). The prevalence of lameness was higher in cows at parity three (23.03%) and at parity greater than or equal to 4 (31.68%) than at first and second parity. Breed of an animal, lower body condition score (BCS), housing and floor type, and season also had a significant effect on the pooled prevalence of lameness (P < 0.0001). Conclusions The findings of the present study showed that lameness is prevalent across the tropical Asian countries and there was a significant association of risk factors such as housing, floor, hygiene, and animal nutrition with lameness in dairy herds. Implications Meta-analysis study indicated that there is a need to adopt better management practices to minimise the incidence of lameness in dairy animals.

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Foot and mouth disease prevalence in cattle and buffaloes from India determined by systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

18S rRNA Gene-Based Piroplasmid PCR: An Assay for Rapid and Precise Molecular Screening of Theileria and Babesia Species in Animals

18S rRNA Gene-Based Piroplasmid PCR: An Assay for Rapid and Precise Molecular Screening of Theileria and Babesia Species in Animals

Dairy cattle and buffaloes harbouring gastrointestinal parasites in various zones and climatic regions established by scientometrics

Meta-analysis of prevalence and associated risk factors for lameness in dairy cattle across tropical Asian nations

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