FoodNet Estimate of the Burden of Illness Caused by Nontyphoidal<i>Salmonella</i>Infections in the United States

Voetsch, Andrew C.; Gilder, Thomas J. Van; Angulo, Frederick J.; Farley, Monica M.; Shallow, Sue; Marcus, Ruthanne; Cieslak, Paul R.; Deneen, Valerie; Tauxe, Robert V.

doi:10.1086/381578

Cited by 557 publications

(375 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Other authors have previously reported similar studies to reconstruct the surveillance pyramid for specific pathogens or for gastrointestinal illness in general [1,9,[11][12][13]33]. The current study is more comprehensive than previous studies, considering seven enteric pathogens in seven countries.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Reconstruction Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Community incidence of pathogen-specific gastroenteritis: reconstructing the surveillance pyramid for seven pathogens in seven European Union member states

et al. 2012

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(2013) Community incidence of pathogen-specific gastroenteritis: reconstructing the surveillance pyramid for seven pathogens in seven European Union member states. Epidemiology and infection, 141 (8 SUMMARYBy building reconstruction models for a case of gastroenteritis in the general population moving through different steps of the surveillance pyramid we estimated that millions of illnesses occur annually in the European population, leading to thousands of hospitalizations. We used data on the healthcare system in seven European Union member states in relation to pathogen characteristics that influence healthcare seeking. Data on healthcare usage were obtained by harmonized cross-sectional surveys. The degree of under-diagnosis and underreporting varied by pathogen and country. Overall, underreporting and under-diagnosis were estimated to be lowest for Germany and Sweden, followed by Denmark, The Netherlands, UK, Italy and Poland. Across all countries, the incidence rate was highest for Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. Incidence estimates resulting from the pyramid reconstruction approach are adjusted for biases due to different surveillance systems and are therefore a better basis for international comparisons than reported data.

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Section: Comparison With Other Reconstruction Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Community incidence of pathogen-specific gastroenteritis: reconstructing the surveillance pyramid for seven pathogens in seven European Union member states

et al. 2012

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“…Salmonella is a pathogen that causes human food-borne illness worldwide, infects both mammalian intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages, and has an increased propensity to cause invasive, extra-intestinal disease in the elderly (1,13). In C. elegans, S. typhimurium establishes persistent infection in the intestinal lumen but does not replicate inside intestinal epithelial cells (14,15), suggesting that host defense mechanisms to combat Salmonella infection may be more successful in nematode than in mammalian cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy genes protect against Salmonella typhimurium infection and mediate insulin signaling-regulated pathogen resistance

Jia¹,

Thomas²,

Akbar³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

195

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A conserved insulin-like pathway modulates both aging and pathogen resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the specific innate effector functions that mediate this pathogen resistance are largely unknown. Autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway, plays a role in controlling intracellular bacterial pathogen infections in cultured cells, but less is known about its role at the organismal level. We examined the effects of autophagy gene inactivation on Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella typhimurium) infection in 2 model organisms, Caenorhabditis elegans and Dictyostelium discoideum. In both organisms, genetic inactivation of the autophagy pathway increases bacterial intracellular replication, decreases animal lifespan, and results in apoptotic-independent death. In C. elegans, genetic knockdown of autophagy genes abrogates pathogen resistance conferred by a loss-of-function mutation, daf-2(e1370), in the insulin-like tyrosine kinase receptor or by overexpression of the DAF-16 FOXO transcription factor. Thus, autophagy genes play an essential role in host defense in vivo against an intracellular bacterial pathogen and mediate pathogen resistance in long-lived mutant nematodes.

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“…Formal surveillance networks were established with the aim of demonstrating the burden of enteric diseases in the developed world, focusing on sporadic disease (Scallan and Angulo, 2007a,b;Kirk et al, 2008;PHAC, 2008;Majowicz et al, 2010). These surveillance networks facilitated landmark research studies into sporadic enteric disease Tam et al, 2003, de Wit 2001, Voetsch et al, 2004Jones et al, 2006a). Many of these surveillance systems have provided population-based platforms for case-control studies.…”

Section: Insights Gained From 20 Years Of Investigations Of Sporadic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-Control Studies of Sporadic Enteric Infections: A Review and Discussion of Studies Conducted Internationally from 1990 to 2009

Fullerton

Scallan²,

Kirk³

et al. 2012

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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Epidemiologists have used case-control studies to investigate enteric disease outbreaks for many decades. Increasingly, case-control studies are also used to investigate risk factors for sporadic (not outbreak-associated) disease. While the same basic approach is used, there are important differences between outbreak and sporadic disease settings that need to be considered in the design and implementation of the case-control study for sporadic disease. Through the International Collaboration on Enteric Disease "Burden of Illness" Studies (the International Collaboration), we reviewed 79 case-control studies of sporadic enteric infections caused by nine pathogens that were conducted in 22 countries and published from 1990 through to 2009. We highlight important methodological and study design issues (including case definition, control selection, and exposure assessment) and discuss how approaches to the study of sporadic enteric disease have changed over the last 20 years (e.g., making use of more sensitive case definitions, databases of controls, and computer-assisted interviewing). As our understanding of sporadic enteric infections grows, methods and topics for case-control studies are expected to continue to evolve; for example, advances in understanding of the role of immunity can be used to improve

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FoodNet Estimate of the Burden of Illness Caused by NontyphoidalSalmonellaInfections in the United States

Cited by 557 publications

References 40 publications

Community incidence of pathogen-specific gastroenteritis: reconstructing the surveillance pyramid for seven pathogens in seven European Union member states

Community incidence of pathogen-specific gastroenteritis: reconstructing the surveillance pyramid for seven pathogens in seven European Union member states

Autophagy genes protect against Salmonella typhimurium infection and mediate insulin signaling-regulated pathogen resistance

Case-Control Studies of Sporadic Enteric Infections: A Review and Discussion of Studies Conducted Internationally from 1990 to 2009

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