Food Web and Ecosystem Impacts of Harmful Algae

Burkholder, JoAnn M.; Shumway, Sandra E.; Glibert, Patricia M.

doi:10.1002/9781118994672.ch7

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 645 publications

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“…Nutrient conditions in a country's coastal waters can vary depending on its policies regarding the use of sewage or wastewater treatment technologies, on fertilizer application, on precipitation patterns, and on freshwater discharge (Howarth, 2008). Thus, ecosystems in coastal environments experience changes in both water temperature and nutrient conditions (Scavia et al, 2002;O'Neil et al, 2012;Wells et al, 2015;Burkholder et al, 2018). Several studies have examined the effects of warming or nutrient changes on phytoplankton production, but only a few have focused on their combined effects (Calbet et al, 2014;Lewandowska et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of warming and eutrophication on coastal phytoplankton production

et al. 2019

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Phytoplankton production in coastal waters influences seafood production and human health and can lead to harmful algal blooms. Water temperature and eutrophication are critical factors affecting phytoplankton production, although the combined effects of warming and nutrient changes on phytoplankton production in coastal waters are not well understood. To address this, phytoplankton production changes in natural waters were investigated using samples collected over eight months, and under 64 different initial conditions, established by combining four different water temperatures (i.e., ambient T, +2, +4, and + 6°C), and two different nutrient conditions (i.e., non-enriched and enriched). Under the non-enriched conditions, the effect of warming on phytoplankton production was significantly positive in some months, significantly negative in others, or had no effect. However, under enriched conditions, warming affected phytoplankton production positively in all months except one, when the salinity was as low as 6.5. These results suggest that nutrient conditions can alter the effects of warming on phytoplankton production. Of several parameters, the ratio of initial nitrate concentration to chlorophyll a concentration [NCCA, μM (μg L −1) −1 ] was one of the most critical factors determining the directionality of the warming effects. In laboratory experiments, when NCCA in the ambient or nutrient-enriched waters was ≥1.2, warming increased or did not change phytoplankton production with one exception; however, when NCCA was < 1.2, warming did not change or decreased production. In the time series data obtained from the coastal waters of four target countries, when NCCA was 1.5 or more, warming increased phytoplankton production, whereas when NCCA was lower than 1.5, warming lowered phytoplankton production, Thus, it is suggested that NCCA could be used as an index for predicting future phytoplankton production changes in coastal waters. Coastal waters are important to humans because most seafood harvesting, aquaculture, water supply activities, and human recreation occur there (Canuel et al., 2012; Bianchi et al., 2013). In addition, coastal waters are likely to be affected more than open ocean waters by changes in air temperature and nutrient input from land, due to their relatively small size and restricted circulation (Kang et al., 2013). Thus it might be expected that the effects of water temperature and nutrient concentration changes on species composition and production of phytoplankton in coastal waters would be greater than those in oceanic waters. Global warming has increased seawater temperature (e.g., Boyd

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of warming and eutrophication on coastal phytoplankton production

et al. 2019

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“…Previous studies have linked MC exposure with a variety of adverse effects in different freshwater taxa, including allelopathic inhibition of growth and photosynthetic pigments in algae (El-Sheekh et al 2010 ), altered feeding and life history in zooplankton (Ghadouani et al 2004 ; Smutná et al 2014 ), and bioaccumulation and oxidative stress in molluscs (Zhang et al 2016 ). These studies demonstrated the effects of either intact cells, crude extracts, or purified toxin on single species at concentrations well above those typically found in freshwaters (Burkholder et al 2018 ). Therefore, findings from such studies may be difficult to extrapolate to the field as inferences drawn from single-species or single-stressor studies may be inadequate for generalising to more complex situations (Edwards and Pascoe 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The dynamics of these processes have been associated with the overall productivity and functioning in aquatic systems (McKie et al 2009 ; Oliver et al 2015 ). However, evidence of the impact of dissolved MCs at sublethal concentrations on freshwater species is yet controversial and may potentially influence their survival and function (Burkholder et al 2018 ; Chen et al 2005 ; Shahmohamadloo et al 2020b ). Although several explanations have been proposed regarding the ecological role of MC production in competition (Babica and Maršalek 2006 ) and cyanobacteria–zooplankton interactions (Ger et al 2016 ; Omidi et al 2018 ), existing empirical evidence on these propositions is still currently limited and contradictory (Moustaka-Gouni and Sommer 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate change has been predicted to increase water temperature and thermal stratification for many lakes (Urrutia‐Cordero et al 2020 ). Consequently, increased water temperature may act independently (Woodward et al 2010 ) or in conjunction with other stressors, such as dissolved MC concentrations, to affect survival and key functions among aquatic species (Burkholder et al 2018 ). Increased water temperature will accelerate rates of metabolic and cellular activities in freshwater organisms and such effects may vary across species depending on species-specific thermal thresholds (Brown et al 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined effects of increased water temperature and cyanobacterial compounds exert heterogeneous effects on survival and ecological processes in key freshwater species

et al. 2022

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Climate change is increasing water temperature and intensifying the incidence of cyanobacterial blooms worldwide. However, the combined effects of increased temperature and microcystin concentrations as co-stressors on survival and ecological processes in freshwater species are unclear. Here, using purified MC-LR and crude extract of toxigenic Microcystis aeruginosa, we tested the individual and combined effects of three water temperatures (15, 20, 25 °C) and a range of environmentally relevant concentrations of dissolved microcystin and crude extract (0.01–10 µg·L−1) on survival, growth inhibition, grazing and predation rates in three freshwater species: phytoplankton (Scenedesmus quadricauda), zooplankton (Daphnia pulex), and an invertebrate predator (Ischnura elegans). Purified MC-LR exerted a higher growth inhibitory effect on S. quadricauda compared to crude extract with the same concentration of MC-LR, while neither treatment affected its chlorophyll-a content or survival of D. pulex. Crude extract reduced grazing and survival of D. pulex and I. elegans, respectively. The combined effect of higher temperature and crude extract reduced I. elegans survival by 50%. Increased temperature reduced prey handing time in I. elegans by 49%, suggesting a higher predation rate. However, warming together with higher concentrations of crude extract jointly increased zooplankton grazing and reduced damselfly predation. Taken together, these results suggest crude extract, and not necessarily microcystin, can affect survival and productivity in freshwater species, although these effects may vary unevenly across trophic levels. Our findings highlight the importance of complex ecological mechanisms by which warming can exacerbate toxic effects of cyanobacterial bloom extracts on survival and functions among species in eutrophic freshwaters.

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“…Range expansions of L. wollei, especially large-scale infestations (Bridgeman and Penamon 2010), coupled with the high potential for ecological impacts (O'neil et al 2012;Burkholder et al 2018), human health and economic ramifications (Carmichael and Boyer 2016;Hudon et al 2014) justify need for management. Risks are innately present with any applied management program, although these should be considered in context of risks of no management (Bishop 2016).…”

Section: Risk Assessment Of Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Lyngbya wollei in three Alabama, USA reservoirs: summary of a long-term management program

et al. 2019

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Large-scale Lyngbya wollei (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriales) infestations are increasing throughout the USA and globally and causing significant obstruction of water resource uses. Decision makers and stakeholders encountering this nuisance organism often seek management options. Many approaches to L. wollei management may be ineffective or not applicable to specific field sites. Chemical control with United States Environmental Protection Agency registered algaecides has shown to be effective, although the specific formulation, concentration, and application frequency can all govern efficacy. This study summarizes results from a long-term and adaptive management program on extensive L. wollei infestations in three central Alabama, USA reservoirs (Lay Lake, Jordan Lake and Lake Mitchell) managed by Alabama Power Company. Multiple treatment strategies including numerous algaecides, combinations and addition of surfactants were used in attempts to control the nuisance cyanobacterium and preserve multiple beneficial functions of the resource. Ultimately, operational shift toward one technology, a double-chelated copper algaecide with surfactants and emulsifiers (Captain ® XTR) resulted in more efficient and economical control. There were significant (P < 0.05) decreases in historic L. wollei acres requiring treatment through time on each reservoir. Throughout this study period, a 51.4, 88.1 and 94.7% percent decrease in total nuisance acres treated was realized on Lay Lake, Jordan Lake and Lake Mitchell, respectively. The large-scale and long-term dataset presented herein, covering multiple candidate treatment programs, provides valuable information to guide management decisions on other water resources impacted by L. wollei infestations.

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Food Web and Ecosystem Impacts of Harmful Algae

Cited by 25 publications

References 645 publications

Effects of warming and eutrophication on coastal phytoplankton production

Effects of warming and eutrophication on coastal phytoplankton production

Combined effects of increased water temperature and cyanobacterial compounds exert heterogeneous effects on survival and ecological processes in key freshwater species

Controlling Lyngbya wollei in three Alabama, USA reservoirs: summary of a long-term management program

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