Food waste recovery into energy in a circular economy perspective: A comprehensive review of aspects related to plant operation and environmental assessment

Some considerations on circular economy, municipal solid waste and occupational risk

“…The priority is material recovery [4][5][6][7]. Energy recovery from anaerobic digestion of source separated food waste is confirmed as integrated with material valorization (through post-composting) [8][9][10]. Landfilling must be reduced close to zero.…”

Sustainability issues of by-product and waste management systems, to produce building material commodities: A comprehensive review of findings from a virtual special issue

“…This can be considered as a consequence of traditional resource management strategies straggling to stem the rising tide of resource consumption and attendant environmental challenges, particularly given historic paradigms that economic growth is fundamentally linked to a linear industrial economy (Babbitt et al, 2018). This type of economy has dominated the last 150 years and was based upon a one-way track model, according to which resources were extracted from the natural environment, converted into products providing economic value, with no plans made for reusing the generated wastes or actively regenerating the economy (Venkata Mohan et al, 2016;Babbitt et al, 2018;Ingrao et al, 2018b). Such an economy system appears as surprisingly wasteful in its model of value creation: as a matter of fact, current material recycling and waste-based energy recovery captures, in Europe, only an average of 5% of the original raw material value (Ingrao et al, 2018b).…”

“…This type of economy has dominated the last 150 years and was based upon a one-way track model, according to which resources were extracted from the natural environment, converted into products providing economic value, with no plans made for reusing the generated wastes or actively regenerating the economy (Venkata Mohan et al, 2016;Babbitt et al, 2018;Ingrao et al, 2018b). Such an economy system appears as surprisingly wasteful in its model of value creation: as a matter of fact, current material recycling and waste-based energy recovery captures, in Europe, only an average of 5% of the original raw material value (Ingrao et al, 2018b). So, it emerges that linear economies are totally unsustainable, both environmentally, and socio-economically (Korhonen et al, 2018;Ingrao et al, 2018b).…”

“…Such an economy system appears as surprisingly wasteful in its model of value creation: as a matter of fact, current material recycling and waste-based energy recovery captures, in Europe, only an average of 5% of the original raw material value (Ingrao et al, 2018b). So, it emerges that linear economies are totally unsustainable, both environmentally, and socio-economically (Korhonen et al, 2018;Ingrao et al, 2018b). Hence, the rationale for transitioning to circular models of the economy is evidently urgent, apart from being welldocumented in the scientific literature currently available in the sector.…”

“…Hence, the rationale for transitioning to circular models of the economy is evidently urgent, apart from being welldocumented in the scientific literature currently available in the sector. In addition to this, the size of the economic opportunity, as well as the wide range of benefits, is gradually emerging both from an analytical perspective and through the compelling case studies provided by early adopters and researchers worldwide (Ingrao et al, 2018b). Only now https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.04.001 concrete efforts seem to have been devoted to shifting the policy framework from eco-destructive and resource-exhausting societies to resource conserving and environmentally friendly ones (Venkata Mohan et al, 2016;Ingrao et al, 2018b).…”