Food Waste Durian Rind-Derived Cellulose Organohydrogels: Toward Anti-Freezing and Antimicrobial Wound Dressing

Abstract

Hydrogels synthesized from naturally derived raw materials are attracting increasing attention as compared to synthetic hydrogels. In this study, the use of food waste and side-stream products which were generated from the food industry, commonly associated with environmental concerns, were instead treated as a precious resource for hydrogel fabrication. Cellulose with a high purity was extracted from the food byproduct durian rind and used as a natural raw material to prepare water-based cellulose hydrogels. Glycerol was introduced into the water-based hydrogels to fabricate organohydrogels by a simple one-step water–glycerol replacement. Our results showed that the organohydrogels possessed anti-freezing and non-drying properties, and the mechanical property was enhanced by the use of glycerol. Next, natural yeast phenolics were added into the organohydrogels. This endowed the organohydrogels with antimicrobial activity. The prepared organohydrogels showed no cytotoxicity, and when applied as a wound dressing on pig skin as a proof of concept, they showed strong antibacterial activity. Therefore, this suggested that durian rind-based cellulose organohydrogels have the potential to be applied as antimicrobial wound dressing in medical supplies, even at extreme temperature environments such as −30 °C.

Exploration of antibacterial and antioxidative activity of seed/peel extracts of Southeast Asian fruit Durian ( Durio zibethinus ) for effective shelf‐life enhancement of preserved meat

“…The similar results were demonstrated of excellent antibacterial and antifungal ability against S. aureus, S. epidermis, and C. albicans by durian fruit waste (Lubis et al, 2020). Previous reports on natural cellulose extracted from durian rind were used to prepare water-based antimicrobial organo hydrogels showed strong antimicrobial activity against both Gramnegative E. coli bacteria and Gram-positive S. aureus bacteria according to agar disk diffusion assay results (Cui et al, 2021). were identified or tentatively identified mainly by interpreting their accurate mass, elution order, patterns of fragmentation and the molecular formula of the deprotonated molecule, and predominant productions (Ho & Bhat, 2015).…”

Metabolomics for Agricultural Waste Valorization: Shifting Toward a Sustainable Bioeconomy

“…Numerous value-added products have been generated in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries by reinserting these high-value compounds into the production chain, as in a circular economic model. Typical examples include thickening, gelling, and food stabilizing agents from tomato and citrus waste ( John et al, 2017 ; Morales-Contreras et al, 2017 ); food preservatives (meat and oil product preservatives), food stabilizers, and bactericidal agents from potato peel ( Sampaio et al, 2020 ); essential oils with anti-cancer agents from orange waste ( Yang et al, 2017 ); biobutanol from rice husk ( Quispe et al, 2017 ); hydrogel from durian rind ( Cui et al, 2021 ); and single-cell protein (SCP) from corn stover and orange peel ( Diwan et al, 2018 ).…”

Clinically relevant materials & applications inspired by food technologies

“…Cellulose derived from valorisation of Durian husk was successfully used to fabricate hydrogel wound dressings with both anti-freezing and antimicrobial properties (Figure . 2). 4 Cellulose has also been combined with chitosan and alginate À all food-grade biopolymers -to form a highly biocompatible biomaterial composite applied as a direct wound dressing that was found to be capable of both wound exudate absorption and controlled release of topical medications. 5 Chitosan, with its inherent antimicrobial property, is theoretically superior to cellulose for wound care applications.…”

“… Biomaterials Clinical Application Refs. Cellulose Wound dressing (hydrogel), antimicrobial, anti-freezing, non-drying properties 4 Wound dressing (film), exudate absorption, controlled drug release 5 Tissue engineering, skin and bone 16 Sensor for personal health care monitoring (paper) 29 Biosensor (hydrogel) 30 Tissue engineering, bone 15 Drug delivery 23 Cellulose nanofibril Wound dressing, Antimicrobial property and mode of action 6 Nanocrystalline cellulose Wound dressing, Antimicrobial property 7 Chitosan Wound dressing, Antimicrobial property 8 Wound dressing, Antimicrobial property 9 Wound dressing (hydrogel), Haemostatic 12 Surgical suture 13 Surgical suture, improved colonic anastomosis 14 Tissue engineering (hydrogel), kidney-specific 17 Drug delivery, kidney-specific 25 Drug delivery, antimicrobial, rechargeable 26 Hypocholesterolaemic 31 Haemostasis 10 Antimicrobial against multi-drug resistant bacteria 32 Tissue engineering (hydrogel), bone 18 …”