Food waste as a carbon source in carbon quantum dots technology and their applications in food safety detection

Fan, Hanzhi; Zhang, Min; Bhandari, Bhesh; Yang, Chaohui

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.008

Cited by 180 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…A promising tool are quantum dots (QDs) which can be described as objects of the size below 10 nm with unique properties [1][2][3][4]. Since their development, they have been successfully used in optoelectronics [1], food packaging [5], metals detection [6][7][8], bioimaging [9][10][11][12][13][14], photocatalysis [15,16], sensing [17][18][19][20][21][22][23], cell labelling [24], or fluorescent inks and others [25,26]. The first-generation quantum dots are semiconductors of crystalline structure [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart, Tunable CQDs with Antioxidant Properties for Biomedical Applications—Ecofriendly Synthesis and Characterization

et al. 2020

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Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are nanoobjects of a size below 10 nm. Due to their favorable features, such as tunable luminescence, unique optical properties, water solubility, and lack of cytotoxicity, they are willingly applied in biomedicine. They can be obtained via bottom-up and top-down methods. However, to increase their quantum yield they must undergo post-processing. The aim of the following research was to obtain a new type of CQDs modified with a rhodamine b derivative to enhance their fluorescence performance without biocompability deterioration. For their preparation glucose was used as a precursor and four different carbonizing agents which affected semi-and final products luminescence properties. The ready nanomaterials were investigated over their chemical structure by FTIR and NMR, whereas morphology was investigated by the TEM method. Their optical properties were determined by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Fluorescence behavior, photo-and pH-stability, as well as solvatochromism showed their applicability in various biomedical applications due to the controlled properties. The samples exhibited excellent antioxidant activity and lack of cytotoxicity on L929 mouse fibroblasts. The results showed that proposed strategy enables preparation of the superior nanomaterials with outstanding luminescence properties such as quantum yield up to 17% which can be successfully applied in cell labelling, bioimaging, and theranostics.Molecules 2020, 25, 736 2 of 18 can release cadmium ions leading to cell death. Importantly, it occurred that quantum dots may undergo certain modifications resulting in the change of their surface or chemical structure [27,28]. Finally, their preparation is expensive. Therefore, there was a need for a novel type of quantum dots which would be suitable for biomedical applications. In 2004, a new type of carbon-based materials was accidentally obtained during nanotube purification [29]. Until then, numerous types of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been obtained with various possible applications due to their very attractive properties, such as luminesce, good water solubility, high photostability, resistance to photobleaching or photoblinking, possibility, chemical inertness and, finally, lack of toxicity and biocompability [1][2][3]. Furthermore, CQDs' region of photoluminescence is very broad, starting in the ultraviolet and ending in the near-infrared. Although, until now, the luminescence behavior of carbon nanodots is still not fully clear, it is believed that crucial role plays two factors, namely, that the quantum size is below 10 nm and surface defects which may act as excitation energy traps. Interestingly, CQDs can successfully act as both electron donors and acceptors [2][3][4].CQDs can be prepared from various resources, such as peels (mango, orange, banana, pineapple, onion, seaweed etc.), meat, grains, nuts, or vegetable by-products, which makes them a low-cost material [30,31]. Currently, these nanomaterials are widely applied in drug delivery, gene delivery, biosensing, bioimag...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart, Tunable CQDs with Antioxidant Properties for Biomedical Applications—Ecofriendly Synthesis and Characterization

et al. 2020

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“…To date, approaches for detection of OTC mainly include liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [ 15 ], semiquantitative lateral flow assay (LFA) [ 16 ], chemiluminescence [ 17 ], as well as enzymatic catalysis [ 18 ]. These methods have high stability and sensitivity; however, their applications remain limited due to the complex requirements of expensive equipment and experimental operations [ 19 ]. Actually, fluorescence analysis has the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, and simple operation, which has aroused great interest in the detection field [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Preparation of Fluorescent Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Sensitive Detection of Oxytetracycline in Environmental Samples

Gao

Wang

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) with strong fluorescence were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method using natural biomass waste. Two efficient fluorescent probes were constructed for selective and sensitive detection of oxytetracycline (OTC). The synthesized N-CQDs were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), which proved that the synthesized N-CQDs surface were functionalized and had stable fluorescence performance. The basis of N-CQDs detection of OTC was discussed, and various reaction conditions were studied. Under optimized conditions, orange peel carbon quantum dots (ON-CQDs) and watermelon peel carbon quantum dots (WN-CQDs) have a good linear relationship with OTC concentrations in the range of 2–100 µmol L−1 and 0.25–100 µmol L−1, respectively. ON-CQDs and WN-CQDs were both successfully applied in detecting the OTC in pretreated tap water, lake water, and soil, with the recovery rate at 91.724–103.206%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 5.35%. The results showed that the proposed N-CQDs proved to be green and simple, greatly reducing the detection time for OTC in the determination environment.

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“…Carbon dots (CDs) are a very small (<10 nm) photoluminescent material synthesized by two approaches, i.e., top-down and bottom-up synthetic routes [ 67 , 68 ]. In the top-down synthetic route, a large carbon structure breaks down by involving acid assisted chemical oxidation, electro-oxidation or laser ablation in the synthesis process [ 69 ].…”

Section: Fruit and Vegetable Peel Derived Carbon Dotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Food waste is a matter of serious concern worldwide, and this waste needs to be given proper attention. The use of food as waste offer economic benefits and is one of the most interesting starting materials as carbon sources for the synthesis of CDs [ 67 ]. Presence of functional components such as carotenoids, dietary fiber, gallic acid, polyphenols, flavonoids and mangiferin in mango peel and pineapple peel makes these suitable for the development of CDs [ 70 , 71 ].…”

Section: Fruit and Vegetable Peel Derived Carbon Dotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit and Vegetable Peels: Utilization of High Value Horticultural Waste in Novel Industrial Applications

et al. 2020

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Fruits and vegetables are the highly used food products amongst the horticultural crops. These items are consumed uncooked, nominally cooked or fully cooked, according to their nature and cooking process. With the change in diet habits and rising population, the production, as well as the processing of horticultural crops, has exponentially improved to meet its increasing demand. A large amount of peel waste is generated from fruit and vegetable-based industries and household kitchen and has led to a big nutritional and economic loss and environmental problems. Processing of fruits and vegetables alone generates a significant waste, which amounts to 25–30% of the total product. Most common wastes include pomace, peels, rind and seeds, which are highly rich in valuable bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, enzymes, polyphenols, oils, vitamins and many other compounds. These bioactive compounds show their application in various industries such as food to develop edible films, food industries for probiotics and other industries for valuable products. The utilization of these low-cost waste horticultural wastes for producing the value-added product is a novel step in its sustainable utilization. The present review intends to summarize the different types of waste originating from fruits as well as vegetables peels and highlight their potential in developing edible films, probiotics, nanoparticles, carbon dots, microbial media, biochar and biosorbents.

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Food waste as a carbon source in carbon quantum dots technology and their applications in food safety detection

Cited by 180 publications

References 125 publications

Smart, Tunable CQDs with Antioxidant Properties for Biomedical Applications—Ecofriendly Synthesis and Characterization

Smart, Tunable CQDs with Antioxidant Properties for Biomedical Applications—Ecofriendly Synthesis and Characterization

Green Preparation of Fluorescent Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Sensitive Detection of Oxytetracycline in Environmental Samples

Fruit and Vegetable Peels: Utilization of High Value Horticultural Waste in Novel Industrial Applications

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