Food use and health effects of soybean and sunflower oils.

Meydani, Simin Nikbin; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; White, Pamela J.; Goodnight, Scott H.; Elson, Charles E.; Woods, Margo N.; Gorbach, Sherwood L.; Schaefer, Ernst J.

doi:10.1080/07315724.1991.10718168

Cited by 54 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…The reason that we chose a 1:1 ratio in the present study is based on the following evidence: 1) in a pilot experiment, the ratio 1:4 (EPA-GLA) did not reverse IL-1 induced changes. 2) We have previously reported that soy bean oil in which the ratio of n-3 to n-6 is 1:7 cannot reverse IL-1-induced changes (50,51). 3) Others have reported that when n-6 concentration in the brain is high, a much higher ratio between n-3 and n-6 (1:1 or 2:1) was needed to reverse abnormal behavioral induced by n-3 deficiency (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary n-3 or n-6 fatty acids on interleukin-1β-induced anxiety, stress, and inflammatory responses in rats

Song

Leonard

et al. 2003

Journal of Lipid Research

154

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The present study demonstrated that an (n)-3 fatty acid, ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (ethyl-EPA), supplemented diet significantly attenuated the stress/anxiety behavior of rats in the "open field" and elevated plus maze, which was induced by subchronic intracerebroventricular administration of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 ␤ . Ethyl-EPA also reduced the rise in serum corticosterone induced by IL-1. The n-6 fatty acid ethyl-␥ -linolenic acid (ethyl-GLA) had little effect on the IL-1-induced changes in behavior and the corticosterone concentration. Following IL-1 ␤ administration, ethyl-EPA reduced the elevated prostaglandin (PG) E2 secretion and increased the secretion of antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 from whole blood cells. Ethyl-GLA showed a similar antiinflammatory effect to ethyl-EPA. By contrast, n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) had no effect on the behavior, immune, and endocrine changes induced by IL-1. AA alone enhanced the basal inflammatory response, raised serum corticosterone concentrations, and induced anxiety behavior in the elevated plus maze. The reduced growth rates of rats following the administration of IL-1 was attenuated by ethyl-EPA, and to a greater extent by ethyl-EPA plus ethyl-GLA, but not by AA alone or in combination with ethyl-EPA. Thus, ethyl-EPA would appear to antagonise the endocrine, immune, and behavioral effects of subchronic IL-1 administration. Ethyl-GLA only antagonised IL-1-induced inflammatory changes, whereas AA caused an increase in the secretion of corticosterone and PGE2, and induced anxiety-like behavior without enhancing the effects of IL-1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary n-3 or n-6 fatty acids on interleukin-1β-induced anxiety, stress, and inflammatory responses in rats

Song

Leonard

et al. 2003

Journal of Lipid Research

154

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“…The National Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP)' as part ofits Step 2 diet has recommended a fat intake of < 30% of calories, < 7% of calories from saturated fatty acids, 10-15% of calories from monounsaturated fatty acids, and < 10% of calories from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), with a cholesterol intake of < 200 mg/d. To date, the effect of these recommendations on the immune response has not been well studied, although studies indicate that the quantity and quality of dietary fat can alter the immune response (for review see references [3][4][5][6]. These include changes in the production of immunologic mediators, i.e., cytokines, prostanoids, and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, in response to mitogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunologic effects of national cholesterol education panel step-2 diets with and without fish-derived N-3 fatty acid enrichment.

Meydani¹,

Lichtenstein²,

Cornwall³

et al. 1993

J. Clin. Invest.

Self Cite

339

161

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Reductions in dietary fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol have been recommended to reduce the risk of heart disease in our society. The effects of these modifications on human cytokine production and immune responses have not been well studied. 22 subjects > 40 yr of age were fed a diet approximating that of the current American (14.1% of calories as saturated fatty acids, ISFAJ, 14.5% monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFAJ, 6.1% [n-61 polyunsaturated fatty acids IPUFAJ, 0.8% In-31 PUFA, and 147 mg cholesterol/ 1,000 calories) for 6 wk., after which time they consumed (11 in each group) one of the two low-fat, low-cholesterol, high-PUFA diets based on National Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP) Step 2 recommendations (4.04.5% SFA, 10.8-11.6% MUFA, 10.3-10.5% PUFA, 45-61 mg cholesterol /1,000 calories) for 24 wk. One of the NCEP Step 2 diets was enriched in fish-derived (n-3) PUFA (low-fat, high-fish: 0.54% or 1.23 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid IEPAI and docosahexaenoic acid IDHAI 1121-188 g fish/di) and the other low in fish-derived (n-3) PUFA (low-fat, low-fish 10.13% or 0.27 g/d EPA and DHAJ 133 g fish/di). Measurements of in vivo and in vitro indexes of immune responses were taken after each dietary period. Long-term feeding of low-fat, lowfish diet enriched in plant-derived PUFA increased blood mononuclear cell mitogenic response to the T cell mitogen Con A, IL-1#,, and TNF production and had no effect on delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response, IL-6, GM-CSF, or PGE2 production. In contrast, the low-fat, high-fish diet significantly decreased the percentage of helper T cells whereas the percentage of suppressor T cells increased. Mitogenic responses to Con A and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response as well as the production of cytokines IL-1ft, TNF, and IL-6 by mononuclear cells were significantly reduced after the consumption of the low-fat, high-fish diet (24, 40,45,35, and 34%, respectively; P < 0.05 by two-tailed Student's t test except for IL-1,6 and TNF, which is by one-tailed t test). Our data are consistent with the concept that the NCEP Step 2 diet that is high in fish significantly decreases various parameters of the immune response in contrast to this diet when it is low in fish. Such alterations may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic and inflammatory diseases but may be detrimental with Address reprint requests to Simin Nikbin Meydani, DVM, PhD, Nutri-

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“…Linoleic acid is needed for a normal immune response and an essential fatty acid deficiency impairs B and T cell-mediated responses (Meydani et al, 1991). Tocopherols naturally present in seeds have been strongly correlated with the polyunsaturated fatty acids since they counteract the potential oxidative stress caused by fats in the diet (Anttolainen et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the fatty acid and tocochromanol patterns of some Fabaceae (Leguminosae) plants from Turkey I

Bağcı¹,

Bruehl²,

Özçelik³

et al. 2004

Grasas y Aceites

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Food use and health effects of soybean and sunflower oils.

Cited by 54 publications

References 173 publications

Effects of dietary n-3 or n-6 fatty acids on interleukin-1β-induced anxiety, stress, and inflammatory responses in rats

Effects of dietary n-3 or n-6 fatty acids on interleukin-1β-induced anxiety, stress, and inflammatory responses in rats

Immunologic effects of national cholesterol education panel step-2 diets with and without fish-derived N-3 fatty acid enrichment.

A study of the fatty acid and tocochromanol patterns of some Fabaceae (Leguminosae) plants from Turkey I

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