Food toxicology—past, present, and the future (the Indian perspective)

Singh, Surinder; Kaur, Sumeet; Singh, Dileep Kumar

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801773-9.00008-x

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…When released into the air, Mercury can travel long distances and eventually settle in water or on land, where it can enter the food chain (Driscoll et al 2013). Fish and shellfish are particularly susceptible to Mercury contamination, and consuming them can result in Mercury poisoning (Bose et al (2010), Singh et al 2017. Mercury pollution can also harm wildlife, including birds, mammals, and insects (Whitney and Cristol 2018).…”

Section: Open Access Receivedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from natural derived embelin compound and their uses in mercury degradation under solar light

Sheeba²,

Doss

et al. 2023

Mater. Res. Express

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The present study deals with the isolation of embelin compound from Embelia ribes (Burm.f.). The isolated compounds were confirmed by UV/Vis spectrophotometer, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. In absorption at 275nm in UV/Vis spectra, peak range at 5.7ppm in 1H NMR and peak value at 28.52, 29.35, 31.73ppm in 13C NMR to confirmed the isolated compound are embelin. This isolated compound used as a reducing agent for silver nanoparticles synthesis. The synthesized En-AgNPs were morphologically and structurally confirmed by UV/Vis spectrophotometer, FT-IR, SEM, EDAX, and XRD. The synthesized silver nanoparticles are spherical in shape with the size of <100nm. The embelin based silver nanoparticles used to degrade the toxic metal like mercury under solar light. The toxic metal mercury was degraded within 60 minutes by En-AgNPs under solar photo catalytic degradation.

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Section: Open Access Receivedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from natural derived embelin compound and their uses in mercury degradation under solar light

Sheeba²,

Doss

et al. 2023

Mater. Res. Express

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Life Cycle Analysis for Hibiscus Sabdariffa Powder Manufactured by Freeze Drying for Wastewater Application

et al. 2021

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Synthetic coagulants currently used to treat dye wastewater in the water treatment industry has been found to produce large amounts of waste and is bad for the environment. The research then presents two different methods of preparing Hibiscus Sabdariffa as a natural coagulant which are direct method and freeze-drying method to possibly replace synthetic coagulant in treating dye wastewater. The two different methods of preparing natural coagulant Hibiscus Sabdariffa are compared in terms of protein retention and coagulation performance at removing dye from dye wastewater. This is to determine which method of preparation is better at preparing a Hibiscus Sabdariffa as a natural coagulant to be used in the water treatment industry. Three analysis are done to determine the optimum concentration of Hibiscus Sabdariffa powder and freeze-drying duration is based on (i) surface morphology, (ii) water solubility and (iii) water activity. Optimum concentration of Hibiscus Sabdariffa powder is 20wt% and 24-hour freeze-drying duration. Another analysis is done to compare protein retention of each methods of preparation using (iv) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy testing. Protein in Hibiscus Sabdariffa prepared using freeze drying is completely retained based on Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy results. Supporting data of protein retention properties of freeze drying is proven by water activity in Hibiscus Sabdariffa powder is at 0.478 and below the 0.6 threshold value. Water activity of 0.478 means that there is not enough water content in Hibiscus Sabdariffa powder for microorganisms to grow and degrade the protein. Optimum coagulant dosage and pH value that Hibiscus Sabdariffa prepared using the two different methods best works in is determined based on two experiments called (v) effects of coagulant dosage on dye removal percentage and (vi) effect of pH value of preparation methods on colour removal percentage. Coagulation performance of both preparation methods are also determined using experiment (v) and (vi). Hibiscus Sabdariffa prepared using freeze drying has better coagulation performance with higher colour removal percentage at lower required coagulant dosage and higher dye removal percentage at varied pH values compared to direct method. As a result, freeze drying is better in terms of coagulation performance compared to direct method at preparing natural coagulant Hibiscus Sabdariffa. Coagulation performance of natural and chemical coagulant is compared using (vii) jar test comparison between natural and chemical coagulant on colour removal. This is to determine if coagulation performance of natural coagulant is comparable to chemical coagulant. Coagulation performance of natural coagulant is only slightly lower than synthetic coagulant at colour removal percentage of 91.2% compared to 92.3%. This makes the coagulation performance of natural coagulant comparable to synthetic coagulant allowing it to be an alternative to synthetic coagulant based on coagulation performance. Therefore, Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) will then be conducted to compare the better method of preparation of natural coagulant which is freeze-drying of natural coagulant Hibiscus Sabdariffa to chemical coagulant alum. Life Cycle Analysis done is to determine, evaluate and compare natural against chemical coagulant based on 3 sustainability aspects economic, environment and social aspects. This is to determine the feasibility of natural coagulant Hibiscus Sabdariffa in the water treatment industry on whether it is a possible alternative or replacement to the currently used synthetic coagulant alum. Based on Life Cycle Analysis natural coagulant is the better alternative compared to chemical coagulant based on impact towards the environment and health and well-being of society. However, the implementation of natural coagulant in the water treatment industry is still not feasible as production cost of natural coagulant is 126.86 times more expensive compared to chemical coagulant. As a result, currently Hibiscus Sabdariffa as a natural coagulant is not able to replace synthetic coagulant alum in the water treatment industry.

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Mercuric chloride‐induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity, haematological changes and histopathological alterations in fish Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793)

Trivedi

Singh

Trivedi

et al. 2022

Journal of Fish Biology

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The present study was undertaken to investigate the adverse effects of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) overload in the fish Channa punctatus. Two sublethal test concentrations of HgCl2 (1/20th and 1/10th of 96 h LC50 i.e., 0.03 mg l−1 (low concentration) and 0.07 mg l−1 (high concentration), respectively, were used for exposure. Blood, liver and kidney tissues of the control and exposed specimens were sampled at intervals of 15, 30, and 45 days to assess alterations in oxidative stress, genotoxicity haematological parameters and histopathology. Significant changes in Hb%, RBC count, WBC count, antioxidant enzyme activity, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR), were recorded. Micronuclei (MN) induction, nuclear abnormalities (NAs) and histopathological alterations were also observed in the exposed fish. Significant (P < 0.05) increase in the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH and GR was observed. After 45 days, a decrease in the level of GSH and GR was noticed which suggests an undermined anti‐oxidative defence system in the fish exposed to HgCl2. Histological examination of the liver and kidney showed serious tissue injury and histological alterations. Significant increases in MN and NA frequencies reveal the DNA damage in erythrocytes of fish, and haematological changes show the toxicological potential of HgCl2. The observed changes in the antioxidant defence system, genotoxicity and haematological and histological changes in the present study provide the most extensive insight into HgCl2 stress in C. punctatus.

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Food toxicology—past, present, and the future (the Indian perspective)

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from natural derived embelin compound and their uses in mercury degradation under solar light

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from natural derived embelin compound and their uses in mercury degradation under solar light

Life Cycle Analysis for Hibiscus Sabdariffa Powder Manufactured by Freeze Drying for Wastewater Application

Mercuric chloride‐induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity, haematological changes and histopathological alterations in fish Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793)

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