Food supply and bioenergy production within the global cropland planetary boundary

Henry, Roslyn; Engström, Kerstin; Olin, Stefan; Alexander, Peter; Arneth, Almut; Rounsevell, Mark

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194695

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…However, identifying the hotspots where future conflicts between biodiversity and agriculture are likely to arise is a first essential step to aid sustainability policies and conservation prioritization schemes. This is also becoming increasingly important with regard to efforts for increasing future bioenergy demand 73 and negative emission scenarios, by use of bio-energy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) technologies 74 . Integrative approaches, such as the one presented here, support the calls for assessing the trade-offs in alternative agricultural pathways and can ultimately help us to meet production goals while maintaining our vital life-support systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global impacts of future cropland expansion and intensification on agricultural markets and biodiversity

et al. 2019

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With rising demand for biomass, cropland expansion and intensification represent the main strategies to boost agricultural production, but are also major drivers of biodiversity decline. We investigate the consequences of attaining equal global production gains by 2030, either by cropland expansion or intensification, and analyse their impacts on agricultural markets and biodiversity. We find that both scenarios lead to lower crop prices across the world, even in regions where production decreases. Cropland expansion mostly affects biodiversity hotspots in Central and South America, while cropland intensification threatens biodiversity especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, India and China. Our results suggest that production gains will occur at the costs of biodiversity predominantly in developing tropical regions, while Europe and North America benefit from lower world market prices without putting their own biodiversity at risk. By identifying hotspots of potential future conflicts, we demonstrate where conservation prioritization is needed to balance agricultural production with conservation goals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global impacts of future cropland expansion and intensification on agricultural markets and biodiversity

et al. 2019

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“…As the global population increases (9.1 billion by 2050), so will the demand for protein-rich foods (Henry et al, 2018); and this will negatively impact the environment. Supplying animal-based proteins in the future will be very difficult, necessitating the transition to a diet less dependent on animal protein (Fellows, van Huis, & Vantomme, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer attitudes toward entomophagy before and after evaluating cricket (Acheta domesticus)‐based protein powders

Barton

Richardson

McSweeney

2020

Journal of Food Science

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In recent years, the use of insects in food products has increased. Insects are a sustainable ingredient that is high in protein. However, consumption in Western countries is low, and this may be due to poor sensory qualities, expense, availability, and food neophobia. The objectives of this study were to determine Atlantic Canadian consumers’ attitudes toward entomophagy and to assess consumers’ perception of cricket‐based protein powders. There were two phases to this study: in phase one, participants (n = 107) completed a survey about their attitudes toward consuming insects (Specific Beliefs and Attitudes about Insect Consumption Scale created by Ruby, Rozin, & Chan 2015), and in the second phase, participants (n = 102) were asked to evaluate four different protein powders (two contained crickets) using 9‐point hedonic scales and a CATA questionnaire. Then, the participants were again asked to complete the aforementioned survey. Before consuming cricket protein powder, most participants thought that insects were a sustainable protein source, but also thought that the consumption of insects was undesirable. However, after consuming cricket protein powder, the participants were willing to buy cricket powder and were willing to recommend it to their friends. For insect consumption to become acceptable in the Western world, it will need to be integrated slowly to reduce consumers’ fear and negative attitudes. Protein powders are consumed by many people in the Western world and are an excellent candidate to allow for the integration of insects into their diets. Practical Application This study demonstrated that consumers in Atlantic Canada are more willing to eat insects after having tried them in protein powders. Additionally, protein powders represent a familiar context for consumers and allow for the acceptable integration of cricket powder. Consumers are willing to buy and recommend crickets to their friends after consuming them (in a processed form); however, they still have concerns that insects may carry harmful microbes and toxins.

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“…Recent estimates suggest that croplands occupy almost 1.9 billion hectares globally [15], which is around 14% of the total ice-free land area. Furthermore, the area of cropland is projected to continue to expand [16,17], especially in biodiverse tropical regions [18][19][20], to meet the demands for food, bioenergy and other bio-products of an increasing world population [21]. To guard against major and potentially irreversible earth system change, nine planetary boundaries have been proposed, including a boundary for the global extent of croplands at 15% of the ice-free land surface [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cropland Footprints of Australian Dietary Choices

et al. 2020

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Food systems vitally depend on croplands, which are a scarce natural resource. Croplands are also heterogeneous, differing in productive capability and in environmental context. Some are in regions of high biodiversity conservation importance, others in regions vulnerable to food insecurity. In this study, life cycle assessment was used to quantify cropland scarcity footprints, cropland biodiversity footprints and cropland malnutrition footprints for 9341 individual Australian adult daily diets. Dietary cropland scarcity footprints averaged 7.1 m2yr-e person−1 day−1, exceeding a target of 6.1 m2yr-e person−1 day−1, consistent with the proposed global cropland planetary boundary of 15% of the ice-free land area. Discretionary foods, which are energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods high in saturated fat, added sugars and salt, and alcohol and are not essential to a healthy diet, made the largest contribution, followed by fresh meats and alternatives, breads and cereals, fruit, dairy and alternatives and vegetables. Around 45% of the variation in cropland footprint between individuals was explained by differences in total dietary energy intake. Diets characterised by higher diet quality and lower cropland scarcity footprint required only 4.2 m2yr-e person−1 day−1 and recommended diets based on the food choices of this subgroup required 5.9 m2yr-e person−1 day−1. Eating within the global cropland planetary boundary appears realistic if Australians greatly reduce their intake of discretionary foods and moderate their food choices within the “meat and alternatives” food group.

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Food supply and bioenergy production within the global cropland planetary boundary

Cited by 48 publications

References 76 publications

Global impacts of future cropland expansion and intensification on agricultural markets and biodiversity

Global impacts of future cropland expansion and intensification on agricultural markets and biodiversity

Consumer attitudes toward entomophagy before and after evaluating cricket (Acheta domesticus)‐based protein powders

Cropland Footprints of Australian Dietary Choices

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