Food Security or Food Sovereignty: What Is the Main Issue in the Arctic?

Identifying key needs for the integration of social–ecological outcomes in arctic wildlife monitoring

“…The 5 most common themes in our network (i.e., make decisions, conserve, detect change, disseminate, and secure food) highlight key foci of arctic monitoring. Conservation and food security are substantial concerns as the Arctic undergoes rapid social and ecological change (Loring & Gerlach ; Nilsson & Evengård ). The focus on conservation and food security highlights the dual aims of ecosystem resilience and human well‐being for arctic stewardship (Chapin et al.…”

“…Data-driven activities record status recording the state or baseline status of components of systems at a given point in time detect change identifying changes in components of systems over time or across space (e.g., identifying common or differing trends temporally or spatially) identify drivers identifying factors driving or causing temporal change in systems or system components or establishing the magnitude of effects of drivers on systems or system components; may include assessing the impacts of a single driver of interest understand systems building principles, rules, or understanding about systems, normally with some generality beyond a single location or single point in time synthesise information bringing together disparate information or data sets through data harmonization or combined approaches project futures forecast likely or potential states of systems in the future based on current or historical observations and analysis identify system linkages identify linkages within systems or between a subset of system components Process-driven activities expand community instigating changes in the composition of and recognition of people defining monitoring objectives, undertaking observation, or recording or analyzing monitoring data disseminate provide information or address questions regarding arctic change to people not directly producing that information, either directly to people or through media or other outlets educate education or informal training relating to monitoring activities to build skills and knowledge (SDG 4) b cooperate increase interactions between people involved in monitoring or outcomes from monitoring in different nations and different cultural and demographic groups resulting in trust building and reciprocally beneficial activities (SDG 17) b Combined information-and process-driven activities make decisions inform decision making, policy formation, and management, providing data, knowledge, or information to help make decisions regarding intervention or nonintervention in systems or broader agendas to reach some desired outcome; includes assessing effectiveness of decision making in reaching desired outcome inform research and monitoring provide data, knowledge, or information to help make decisions about what, where, or how or when to conduct monitoring or research learn enhance adoption of values or behaviors related to knowledge and skills, includes generating engagement or influencing attitudes toward issues relevant to change in the Arctic govern create effective accountable and inclusive institutions that provide justice (SDG 16) b secure food provide food security (access, availability, effective use, and stability of food to meet dietary needs and food preferences [Nilsson & Evergard 2015]) and sovereignty (culturally appropriate and healthy foods), includes opportunities to hunt and harvest local wildlife (SDG 2) b conserve protect, restore, or sustainably use ecosystems and their components; maintain biodiversity (SDG 14 and 15) b support economic futures ensure sustainable industry and economic activity (SDG 7,8,9,and 12) & Gerlach 2015; Nilsson & Evengård 2015). The focus on conservation and food security highlights the dual aims of ecosystem resilience and human well-being for arctic stewardship (Chapin et al 2015) and mirrors concerns in other regions (Sachs et al 2010;Wittman et al 2017).…”

Exploring a Nexus of National and Human Security: Food and Energy Challenges in the U.S. Arctic

“…For many of these communities, subsistence hunting and fishing are important in both a literal (survival) and cultural food security context. The use of cash or bartering in Alaska often buys necessities, such as snowmobiles, fuel, food, and ammunition [77]. Moreover, higher prices (e.g., for food and energy) require people to work multiple jobs, which in turn limits time for subsistence hunting and fishing, thus adding to food insecurity.…”

Soils and olericultural practices in circumpolar region of Russia at present and in the past

“…Food security in the Arctic and circumpolar regions remains a pressing issue for many countries. Its solution largely depends on the localization of agriculture directly in the polar territories, which will reduce the cost of transporting products and allow to provide the local population with cheap and high-quality products (Chan et al, 2006;Dudarev et al, 2013;Nilsson and Evengård, 2015;McCartney and Lefsrud, 2018;Ivanov, 2019). Even today, many researchers note the potential of polar regions for agriculture, especially in the context of climate change (Adams, 1989;Wesche and Chan, 2010;Poeplau et al, 2019).…”

“…There is no information about the quantity of abandoned agricultural land (Rosreestr, 2008(Rosreestr, -2020. According to the latest published data, abandoned fields are in the city of Salekhard, near the village of Yamgort, and they were also found in the vicinity of the city of Nadym (Abakumov et al, 2020;Nizamutdinov et al, 2021Nizamutdinov et al, , 2022.…”