Food security in Nunavut, Canada: barriers and recommendations.

Chan, Hing Man; Fediuk, Karen; Hamilton, Sue; Rostas, Laura; Caughey, Amy; Kuhnlein, Harriet V.; Egeland, Grace M.; Loring, E.

doi:10.3402/ijch.v65i5.18132

Cited by 172 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Food security research in the Canadian Arctic appears to be expanding (37)(38)(39) , with many recent publications from the International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey (1,4,34,35) and other food security studies (40)(41)(42) , while research with on-reserve FN populations is lacking (2) and only beginning to be conducted and reported. Collecting data with isolated communities is not without merit as each reserve has unique characteristics and many want local information to direct local policies and programmes (43)(44)(45) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and severity of household food insecurity of First Nations people living in an on-reserve, sub-Arctic community within the Mushkegowuk Territory

Skinner

Hanning

Tsuji

2013

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To measure and describe the prevalence and severity of household food insecurity in a remote on-reserve First Nations community using the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) and to evaluate the perceived relevance of the HFSSM for this population. Design: Household food security status was determined from the eighteen-item HFSSM following the classifications developed by Health Canada for the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2?2 Nutrition. One adult from each household in the community was invited to complete the HFSSM and to comment on its relevance as a tool to measure food security for First Nations communities. Setting: Sub-Arctic Ontario, Canada. Subjects: Households (n 64). Results: Seventy per cent of households were food insecure, 17 % severely and 53 % moderately. The prevalence of food insecurity in households with children was 76 %. Among respondents from homes rated as having severe food insecurity, all (100 %) reported worrying that food would run out, times when food didn't last and there wasn't money to buy more, and times when they couldn't afford to eat balanced meals. The majority of respondents felt the HFSSM did not capture an accurate picture of food security for their situation. Aspects missing from the HFSSM included the high cost of market food and the incorporation of traditional food practices. Conclusions: A high prevalence of household food insecurity was reported in this community. On-reserve remote First Nations communities may be more susceptible to food insecurity than off-reserve Aboriginal populations. Initiatives that promote food security for this vulnerable population are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and severity of household food insecurity of First Nations people living in an on-reserve, sub-Arctic community within the Mushkegowuk Territory

Skinner

Hanning

Tsuji

2013

Public Health Nutr.

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“…dietary fibre, folate, potassium, vitamins A, B6, and D), leading to a double burden of under-nutrition and over-nutrition (46,63,(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78) . Moreover, food security presents a growing issue, particularly for traditional foods, as climate change alters the physical landscape and poverty rates among the Aboriginal populations remain high (46,(79)(80)(81)(82)(83)(84)(85)(86)(87)(88) . The rapid lifestyle and nutrition transition may explain the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and higher rates of mortality among aboriginal populations in Canada compared to the general population (89)(90)(91)(92)(93) .…”

Section: Proceedings Of the Nutrition Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and use of FFQ among adults in diverse settings across the globe

Sharma

2011

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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In nutritional epidemiology, development of valid dietary assessment instruments specific to populations in diverse settings is of paramount importance. Such instruments are essential when trying to characterise dietary patterns and intake, investigate diet-disease associations, inform and evaluate nutrition interventions, assess nutrient-gene interactions, conduct cross-country comparison studies and monitor nutrition transitions. The FFQ is a relatively inexpensive tool for measuring long-term dietary intake for large populations and for allowing researchers to track dietary changes over time. However, FFQ must be population specific to capture the local diet and available foods. Collecting 24-h dietary recalls and utilising community feedback to build the FFQ ensures that a culturally appropriate instrument is developed. This article presents several examples describing FFQ development and utilisation in different settings globally. In the Canadian Arctic, FFQ were developed and utilised to inform and evaluate a communitybased intervention programme, characterise the diet and track dietary changes occurring among Inuit and Inuvialuit, populations experiencing rising rates of chronic disease and likely to be extremely vulnerable to the potential effects of climate change. Another example is an FFQ developed to assess sodium intake and evaluate a sodium reduction trial in a high-risk population in Barbados. An example is provided from Brazil, where an FFQ was developed to assess associations between diet, heterocyclic aromatic amines and colorectal adenoma among Japanese Brazilians and to conduct cross-country comparisons. These and other case studies highlight the diversity in dietary intake between populations and the need for FFQ to be developed to capture this diversity. FFQ: Nutritional epidemiology: Interventions: Multi-ethnic populations Dietary assessment methodologiesIn nutritional epidemiology, a variety of different approaches can be used to measure food and nutrient intakes in individuals and populations. These range from relatively simple techniques such as 24-h dietary recalls, estimated or weighed food records, narrative diet histories and FFQ, to the more complex biochemical approach of measuring static or functional markers of nutrient intake in blood, urine or other biological samples. The selection of a dietary assessment methodology depends on the population under investigation and typically involves a compromise between the desired level of accuracy and organisational or financial constraints (1) . Biochemical markers of nutrient intake, while arguably more objective than other methods, are used infrequently outside of small validation or pilot studies due to their high cost and logistical requirements (2) . Food records and 24-h dietary recalls are expensive and

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“…Previous studies in Eeyouch found higher intakes of TF to be associated with older age, walking more than 30 min a day, and having fewer years of schooling [19]. Likely obstacles to Eeyouch procuring TF based on data from other Indigenous groups include lack of transmission of traditional knowledge of hunting and preserving TF; the time, cost and energy required for harvesting activities; the yearly and seasonal availability of game and fish; climate change; and wage labour opportunities [21,23–25]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with the intake of traditional foods in theEeyou Istchee(Cree) of northern Quebec include age, speaking the Cree language and food sovereignty indicators

Willows

Johnson‐Down

Moubarac

et al. 2018

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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The Eeyouch are a First Nations (Cree) population that live above 49.6°N latitude in Eeyou Istchee in northern Quebec. Eeyouch rely on traditional foods (TF) hunted, fished or gathered from the land. The overarching aim of this study was to achieve an understanding of the factors associated with TF intake among Eeyouch. Data were from 465 women and 330 men who participated in the Nituuchischaayihtitaau Aschii Multi-Community Environment-and-Health (E&H) study. The relationship between TF consumption and dietary, health, sociodemographic and food sovereignty (i.e. being a hunter or receiving Income Security to hunt, trap or fish) variables was examined using linear and logistic regression. Analyses were stratified by sex because of the male/female discrepancy in being a hunter. Among respondents, almost all (99.7%) consumed TF, 51% were hunters and 10% received Income Security. Higher intake of TF was associated with lower consumption of less nutritious ultra-processed products (UPP). In women, TF intake increased with age, hunting and receiving Income Security, but decreased with high school education. In men, TF intake increased with age and speaking only Cree at home. The findings suggest that increased food sovereignty would result in improved diet quality among Eeyouch through increased TF intake and decreased UPP intake.

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Food security in Nunavut, Canada: barriers and recommendations.

Cited by 172 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence and severity of household food insecurity of First Nations people living in an on-reserve, sub-Arctic community within the Mushkegowuk Territory

Prevalence and severity of household food insecurity of First Nations people living in an on-reserve, sub-Arctic community within the Mushkegowuk Territory

Development and use of FFQ among adults in diverse settings across the globe

Factors associated with the intake of traditional foods in theEeyou Istchee(Cree) of northern Quebec include age, speaking the Cree language and food sovereignty indicators

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