Food Security, Conflict, and COVID-19: Perspective from Afghanistan

Islam, Zarmina; Kokash, Diana Mutasem; Babar, Maryam Salma; Uday, Utkarsha; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Rackimuthu, Sudhan; Essar, Mohammad Yasir; Nemat, Arash

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.21-1058

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant number of deaths worldwide, but the prevalence of comorbidities [7,8], lower education levels, socioeconomic inequalities as the healthcare system inexperience to deal with the pandemic [9,10] contributed to the increase of COVID-19 cases and deaths in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) [11][12][13]. Most of these countries still show inadequate vaccination programs, lack of an accurate and rapid diagnosis as well as poor viral surveillance [10,[14][15][16], contributing for the emergence of COVID-19 waves and new SARS-CoV-2 variants [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men are the main COVID-19 transmitters: behavior or biology?

et al. 2022

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Background COVID-19 has affected millions of people worldwide. Clinical manifestations range from severe cases with lethal outcome to mild or asymptomatic cases. Although the proportion of infected individuals does not differ between sexes, men are more susceptible to severe COVID-19, with a higher risk of death than women. Also, men are pointed out as more lax regarding protective measures, mask wearing and vaccination. Thus, we questioned whether sex-bias may be explained by biological pathways and/or behavioral aspects or both. Methods Between July 2020 and July 2021, we performed an epidemiological survey including 1744 unvaccinated adult Brazilian couples, with there was at least one infected symptomatic member, who were living together during the COVID-19 infection without protective measures. Presence or absence of infection was confirmed by RT-PCR and/or serology results. Couples were divided into two groups: (1) both partners were infected (concordant couples) and (2) one partner was infected and the spouse remained asymptomatic despite the close contact with the COVID-19 symptomatic partner (discordant couples). Statistical analysis of the collected data was performed aiming to verify a differential transmission potential between genders in couples keeping contact without protective measures. Results The combination of our collected data showed that the man is the first (or the only) affected member in most cases when compared to women and that this difference may be explained by biological and behavioral factors. Conclusions The present study confirmed the existence of gender differences not only for susceptibility to infection and resistance to COVID-19 but also in its transmission rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men are the main COVID-19 transmitters: behavior or biology?

et al. 2022

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“…Afghanistan’s continuous struggle has created several difficulties for the country’s population. Afghanistan has seen a significant rise in food shortfalls because of its reliance on neighboring nations during the epidemic [ 17 ]. Individuals attain food security when they have continuous physical and economic access to an adequate supply of safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary demands and preferences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Neurological Pathology

et al. 2022

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The COVID-19 disease, caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, rapidly transformed into a pandemic following its emergence, and it continues to affect the population at a global level. This disease is associated with high mortality rates and mainly affects the pulmonary spectrum, with signs of interstitial pneumonia or other pathological modifications. Signs indicative of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be observed using pulmonary radiography or computed tomography scans and are closely linked to acute respiratory distress; however, there is accumulating evidence that the virus affects the central nervous system. Several symptoms, such as headaches, cough, fatigue, myalgia, ageusia, and anosmia, have also been reported along with neurological syndromes such as stroke, encephalopathy, Guillain–Barre syndrome, convulsions, and coma; the most frequent associated complication is ischemic stroke. Diagnosis of infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus is based on a positive RT-PCR test. Imaging investigations, such as thoracic computed tomography scans, are not used to diagnose COVID-19, monitor for pulmonary disease, or follow dynamic disease evolution, but they may be used in the case of a negative RT-PCR test. This paper presents the research performed on a group of 150 cases of patients affected by neurological disorders and that were subsequently confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, which was carried out over a period of 10 months within the Neurology Department and Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of “Sf. Andrei” Emergency Hospital in Constanta. The collected data are observational and provide perspectives on the neurological pathology associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and on the frequently associated risk factors, associated comorbidities, and the ages of patients who were affected by the virus, as well as the clinical and paraclinical manifestations of the patients admitted to the hospital’s neurology department.

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“…Other health-related implications of food insecurity have been observed in many countries, including multiple sub-Saharan African countries, such as Mali, Niger, and Sudan, as well as Yemen. 30 , 31 These countries have an increased case-fatality ratio for COVID-19, rank high on at least three malnutrition indicators, and show a moderate positive association with iron deficiency, highlighting how long-term food insecurity is related to ill health. 30 Additionally, in one Yemeni study, measles incidence was reported to be three times higher among severe acute malnutrition children, and diarrhea, fever, and cough were also significantly higher.…”

Section: Implications Of Food Insecurity In Yemenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Insecurity during COVID-19 in Yemen

Rahmat

Islam

Mohanan

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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ABSTRACT. The United Nations has declared Yemen as the world’s worst humanitarian crisis with 21 million people in need of humanitarian assistance. Due to the convergence of severe economic instability exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, stifling war, and spiking food prices, the Yemeni people are at the brink of famine with women and children especially malnourished. Desperate to feed their families, civilians are forced to resort to begging, participate in child marriages, or plunge into debt. An inflated currency has significantly diminished the purchasing power of the Yemeni population, and COVID-19 restrictions have made acquisition of food and essential commodity imports arduous. Immediate action by global and local governments is essential to prevent the deaths of thousands of people in the wake of severe food scarcity.

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Food Security, Conflict, and COVID-19: Perspective from Afghanistan

Cited by 30 publications

References 8 publications

Men are the main COVID-19 transmitters: behavior or biology?

Men are the main COVID-19 transmitters: behavior or biology?

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Neurological Pathology

Food Insecurity during COVID-19 in Yemen

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