Food security assessment in rural areas: evidence from Iran

Dehrashid, Atefeh Ahmadi; Bijani, Masoud; Valizadeh, Naser; Dehrashid, Hossein Ahmadi; Nasrollahizadeh, Bahram; Mohammadi, Ahmad

doi:10.1186/s40066-021-00291-z

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…More than half of the world's undernourished are found in Asia (418 million), and a significant portion of these people live in rural areas ( 7 ). Thus, food security in rural areas has become a significant issue in global decision-making and is considered a major challenge for national policies and public concerns ( 8 , 9 ). More than two billion small producers, farmworkers, rural workers, and their families, who represent a large section of the population affected by food insecurity, are affected by the economic shock caused by and their incomes are at risk ( 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Security and Food Diversity of Iranian Rural Households

Movahed

Fard

Gholamrezai

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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With the onset of the coronavirus crisis, disruption of the domestic food supply chain, loss of revenue, and payments that affect food production have led to severe tensions and food security risks in many developing countries. The rural communities are more at risk of food insecurity due to less access to healthcare and social inequality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security and food diversity of rural households. The sample included 375 household heads living in the rural areas of Khorramabad county, which was determined using a three-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using standard Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) questionnaires. The results showed that the food security situation of rural households has deteriorated, and consumption of some food groups changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the multinomial regression model showed that gender, level of education, monthly income, number of employed members, nutrition knowledge, employment status, livestock ownership, and access to credit were significantly associated with the food security of households during the COVID-19 pandemic. The household head's gender, level of education, monthly income, nutrition knowledge, employment status, livestock ownership, and access to credit were significantly associated with dietary diversity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the findings, providing emergency food assistance and cash payments to food-insecure households can reduce the risk of food insecurity in rural households. It is suggested that government policies focus on identifying vulnerable households in rural areas, especially female-headed households, low-income households, and households without a wage income.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Security and Food Diversity of Iranian Rural Households

Movahed

Fard

Gholamrezai

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Rural areas today particularly face food insecurity for a variety of reasons, including rapid population growth, low agricultural productivity, lack of sustainable food security policies, macroeconomic instability, and rapid fluctuations in the prices of agricultural products [6]. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic may have both direct and indirect impacts on food security and nutrition as suggestions stated in [7], with outcomes being dependent on the baseline situation of communities, countries, and regions, as well as on their resilience to shocks [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Level Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Ethiopia

Mengistu

Kassie

2022

Journal of Food Quality

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Introduction. Currently, Ethiopia, in particular, the rural areas of Ethiopia, faces high levels of food insecurity. In spite of the fact that there have been many studies on food security, most of them have been conducted in specific national settings. Hence, the determinants of food insecurity should be assessed at the national level. Therefore, this study was primarily aimed to identify the determinant factors of household food insecurity in rural Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional Ethiopian socioeconomic survey (ESS) data collected from September 2018 to August 2019 was utilized. A sample of 3115 households was selected from 316 clusters across rural Ethiopia using a two-stage probability sampling technique. To identify the determinants of food insecurity, logistic regression was applied. Results. Among 3,115 households, 50.05% of them were food insecure. Factors such as the household head being aged from 30 to 64 (AOR = 0.786, 95% CI: [0.635, 0.973]), widowed, divorced, or separated (AOR = 1.588, 95%CI: [1.001, 2.518]), literate (AOR = 0.702, 95%CI: [0.590, 0.834]), household aid (AOR = 1.339, 95%CI: [1.089, 1.648]), drought-affected (AOR = 0.640, 95%CI: [0.507, 0.808]), nonagricultural business (AOR = 0.655, 95%CI: [0.472, 0.908]), dependency ratio from 50 to 75% (AOR = 0.680, 95%CI: [0.534, 0.867]), having 6 to 10 livestock (AOR = 0.644, 95%CI: [0.496, 0.836]), and more than 10 livestock (AOR = 0.362, 95% CI: [0.284, 0.461]) were found to be significantly associated with the household’s food insecurity at 5% level of significance. Conclusion. The household head’s age from 30 to 64, being literate, drought-affected, having nonagricultural business, dependency ratio from 50 to 75%, and owning more than 10 livestock have been negatively affecting food insecurity. While supporting households, a “widowed, divorced, or separated” household head has had a positive effect on food insecurity in rural Ethiopia positively influencing food insecurity in rural Ethiopia. Policymakers need to pay special attention to very young and old-aged household heads, adult education, household self-help, livestock improvement, and entrepreneurship while implementing poverty reduction programs.

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“…Paradoxically, rural people who produce most of the food supply are more food-insecure in many developing nations when compared to urban people. According to Ahmadi et al [ 1 ], 80% of the rural people in Iran suffered from food insecurity in 2020.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive analysis of food insecurity in the drought–prone rural areas of Tigray

Gebre,

Abraha,

Zenebe

et al. 2024

J Health Popul Nutr

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Background The number of globally food-insecure people is increasing since 2017. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest proportion of severely food-insecure people in the world. Tigray region of Ethiopia is one of the food-insecure regions, which, over the past many decades has been affected by recurrent food insecurities. In the drought–prone rural areas of Tigray, many people are living under the condition of chronic hunger. Proper food security studies are vital for proper intervention mechanisms. Yet, previous food security studies have rarely addressed the four pillars of food security: availability, access, utilization, and stability. In this study, all components are duly considered to assess the food insecurity status in the drought–prone rural areas of Tigray, Ethiopia. Of the 34 rural districts in Tigray, 363 households from three drought–prone rural districts were studied. Results Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and Food Insecurity Experience Scale were adapted to measure the food availability, access to food, and stability components of food security; and, Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), Food Consumption Score (FCS), mid-upper arm circumference, and Bitot’s spot were used to analyze the food utilization aspect. Findings show that 68% of the studied community frequently ate less food than they felt they needed and 82.1% of the households have experienced hunger because of lack of food. The study rural districts were unconnected to road networks; hence, 87.9% of the elderly and 20.4% of the women and girls had no access to food markets. Regarding the food utilization, 81.5% of the studied households had poor FCS; and the average HDDS and FCS for the study areas were 2.47 and 18.9, respectively. The prevalence of Global acute malnutrition, severe acute malnutrition (SAM), and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) for 6–59 months of age children in the study areas were 50.3, 4.2, and 46.1%, respectively. More notably, the prevalence of SAM for children from the food-insecure households was 21.2%. The prevalence of MAM for pregnant and lactating women (PLW) in the study areas was 59.5. Further, the prevalence of Bitot’s spot among 6–59 months of age children was 1.9%. On the other hand, all the rural households had anxiety about their future food demands. Conclusion The rural households living in the studied areas were critically food-insecure. All the measurements implied that the food insecurity situation in the study areas was unacceptably worrisome and life-threatening. This calls for an instant action to avert the occurrence of famine and starvation in the drought–prone rural areas of Tigray region. Thus, interventions should primarily target the vulnerable rural people and need to be planned based on attaining food availability first rather than concurrently addressing all components of food security. Further, due emphasis should be given to diversifying livelihood strategies of the vulnerable villagers.

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Food security assessment in rural areas: evidence from Iran

Cited by 20 publications

References 53 publications

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Security and Food Diversity of Iranian Rural Households

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Security and Food Diversity of Iranian Rural Households

Household Level Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Ethiopia

A comprehensive analysis of food insecurity in the drought–prone rural areas of Tigray

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